Cryptococcus gattii infection complicated by immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in three apparently immunocompetent children.

Background: Paediatric Cryptococcus gattii disease is rare, with only two previous cases recorded in the Northern Territory (NT) over the last 54 years. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a recognised complication of C. gattii infection, even in the absence of an identified immuno...

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Publicado en:Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health Vol. 55; no. 8; pp. 943 - 948
Autores principales: O'Brien, Matthew P, Ford, Timothy J, Currie, Bart J, Francis, Joshua R
Formato: case study Journal Article
Publicado: Wiley-Blackwell Aug2019
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        10344810
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      jtl: Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health
      issn: 10344810
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      dt: Aug2019
      vid: 55
      iid: 8
      pid: 480
      pub: Wiley-Blackwell
      place: Malden, Massachusetts
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        10.1111/jpc.14321
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        atl: Cryptococcus gattii infection complicated by immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in three apparently immunocompetent children.
      aug:
        au:
          O'Brien, Matthew P
          Ford, Timothy J
          Currie, Bart J
          Francis, Joshua R
        affil: Department of Paediatrics, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin Northern Territory, Australia
      sug:
        subj:
          Immunocompromised Host
          Cryptococcus
          Cryptococcosis Physiopathology
          Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Complications
          Northern Territory
          Child
          Adolescence
          Male
          Child: 6-12 years
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Male
      ab: Background: Paediatric Cryptococcus gattii disease is rare, with only two previous cases recorded in the Northern Territory (NT) over the last 54 years. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a recognised complication of C. gattii infection, even in the absence of an identified immunodeficiency syndrome; however, limited paediatric data exist. We present a series of three paediatric patients treated for C. gattii infection in the NT during 2016/2017.Case Discussions: All three cases were males aged 8-13 years at the time of presentation. Two were Aboriginal Australians from remote NT communities, and the third was a Timorese child from a remote district in Timor-Leste. All cases had evidence of brain cryptococcomas, and two had associated pulmonary lesions. Each child was treated with a 6-week induction phase of intravenous liposomal amphotericin and flucytosine and then continued on a 2-year course of eradication oral fluconazole. Persistent high intracranial pressure (ICP) complicated each case, requiring serial lumbar punctures and, in two cases, insertion of ventriculoperitoneal shunts. All three cases were diagnosed with IRIS between 5 and 10 weeks after commencement of antifungal treatment and were managed with high-dose corticosteroids, which were weaned slowly (6-20 months post-commencement).Conclusions: Paediatric C. gattii disease is rare, although three recent cases in the NT highlight some of the challenges involved in managing the infection, including persistent raised ICP and complications such as IRIS. There is a need for further collaborative research into paediatric C. gattii disease.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        case study
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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