Millers and Millwrights in Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages.

The study of early watermills has, from its very beginning, concentrated on two issues: their diffusion (in time and space) and their technical construction. Very little interest has been devoted to the persons who built and managed them—the millwrights and the millers. This tendency has been even m...

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Publicado en:Mouseion Vol. 16; pp. 223 - 243
Autor principal: Wikander, Örjan
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: University of Toronto Press 2019 Supplement 2
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        au: Wikander, Örjan
        affil: Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Lund University
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        Middle age
        Archaeological finds
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          Middle age
          Archaeological finds
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        The study of early watermills has, from its very beginning, concentrated on two issues: their diffusion (in time and space) and their technical construction. Very little interest has been devoted to the persons who built and managed them—the millwrights and the millers. This tendency has been even more manifest from the 1980s onward, when interest has focused more and more on the increasing number of archaeological finds. The written evidence, our almost sole source for people connected with the mills, plays a quite insignificant part in modern scholarship. This short article does not aim at far-reaching conclusions concerning the socioeconomic conditions of the two professions involved. Its main purpose is to show the extent of the evidence actually at hand. The varied nature of this evidence, as well as the uncertain authenticity of parts of it, complicates the study. After a short presentation of the terminology, I start my investigation by presenting the millers according to the three basic socioeconomic areas within which they were working, and end up with a discussion of the millwrights, in order to show how the two occupations were at least partly related.
        L'étude des premiers moulins à eau s'est concentrée, depuis le début, sur deux enjeux : leur diffusion (dans le temps et l'espace) et leur conception technique. Peu d'attention a été portée aux personnes qui les ont bâtis et opérés : les constructeurs de moulins et les meuniers. Cette tendance est encore plus évidente à partir des années 1980, alors qu'un nombre croissant de découvertes archéologiques retiennent toujours plus l'attention. Les témoignages écrits, qui constituent pour ainsi dire notre seule source sur les individus œuvrant autour du moulin, jouent un rôle quasi-insignifiant dans la littérature moderne. Ce court article ne vise pas de conclusions à grande portée sur les conditions socioéconomiques de ces deux corps de métiers. Son objectif principal est de montrer l'étendue des témoignages que nous possédons en réalité. La nature variée de ces témoignages aussi bien que l'authenticité douteuse de certains d'entre eux en compliquent l'étude. Après un rapide aperçu du vocabulaire, je commence mon enquête en présentant les meuniers suivant les trois principaux secteurs socioéconomiques dans lequel ils travaillaient, et je conclus avec une discussion sur les constructeurs de moulin dans le but de montrer comment ces deux métiers étaient au moins en partie liés.
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