Hobbesian Sovereignty and the Rights of Subjects: Absolutism Undermined?

Hobbes, in his political writing, is generally understood to be arguing for absolutism. I argue that despite apparently supporting absolutism, Hobbes, in Leviathan , also undermines that absolutism in at least two and possibly three ways. First, he makes sovereignty conditional upon the sovereign's...

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Published in:Hobbes Studies Vol. 32; no. 2; pp. 209 - 231
Main Author: Curran, Eleanor
Format: Article
Published: Brill Academic Publishers 2019
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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        au: Curran, Eleanor
        affil: Kent Law School, Eliot College, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NS, United Kingdom
      su:
        Schmitt, Carl, 1888-1985
        Political science writing
        Sovereignty
        Food sovereignty
        Rights
        Emperors
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        subj:
          Schmitt, Carl, 1888-1985
          Political science writing
          Sovereignty
          Food sovereignty
          Rights
          Emperors
      keyword:
        absolutism
        Hobbes
        rights
        sovereignty
      ab: Hobbes, in his political writing, is generally understood to be arguing for absolutism. I argue that despite apparently supporting absolutism, Hobbes, in Leviathan , also undermines that absolutism in at least two and possibly three ways. First, he makes sovereignty conditional upon the sovereign's ability to ensure the safety of the people. Second and crucially, he argues that subjects have inalienable rights, rights that are held even against the sovereign. When the subjects' preservation is threatened they are no longer obliged to obey the sovereign. Third, there is also a possible limitation on the absolute power of the sovereign in the form of restrictions Hobbes puts in place on what laws he may legitimately make. Finally, Hobbesian absolutism is compared to the absolutism of Carl Schmitt. This exercise demonstrates the limitations that Hobbes places on the power and authority of the sovereign.
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