From Buzz to Burst—Critical Remarks on the Term 'Life' and Its Ethical Implications in Synthetic Biology.

In this paper, we examine the use of the term 'life' in the debates within and about synthetic biology. We review different positions within these debates, focusing on the historical background, the constructive epistemology of laboratory research and the pros and cons of metaphorical speech. We arg...

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Publicado en:NanoEthics Vol. 13; no. 3; pp. 173 - 199
Autores principales: Funk, Michael, Steizinger, Johannes, Falkner, Daniel, Eichinger, Tobias
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Springer Nature Dec2019
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        10.1007/s11569-019-00361-4
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        atl: From Buzz to Burst—Critical Remarks on the Term 'Life' and Its Ethical Implications in Synthetic Biology.
      aug:
        au:
          Funk, Michael
          Steizinger, Johannes
          Falkner, Daniel
          Eichinger, Tobias
        affil:
          Philosophy of Media and Technology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
          Faculty of Humanities, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
          SYNMIKRO LOEWE-Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie, Marburg, Germany
          Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
      su:
        Synthetic biology
        Bioethics
        Jargon (Terminology)
        Theory of knowledge
        Terms & phrases
      sug:
        subj:
          Synthetic biology
          Bioethics
          Jargon (Terminology)
          Theory of knowledge
          Terms & phrases
      keyword:
        Burstword
        Buzzword
        Ethics of synthetic biology
        Life
        Life as metaphor
        Metaphors of life
      ab: In this paper, we examine the use of the term 'life' in the debates within and about synthetic biology. We review different positions within these debates, focusing on the historical background, the constructive epistemology of laboratory research and the pros and cons of metaphorical speech. We argue that 'life' is used as buzzword, as folk concept, and as theoretical concept in inhomogeneous ways. Extending beyond the review of the significant literature, we also argue that 'life' can be understood as a Burstword in two concrete senses. Firstly, terms such as life easily turn into fuzzy, foggy and buzzy clouds of nonsense, if their use is not appropriately reflected. In these cases, the semantic orientation is detonated. This is the Burstword I characteristic of the concept of 'life' that we reveal for its unclear terminological use. Secondly, and in contrast to Burstword I, we show that the concept of 'life' can be used in a methodologically controlled way. We call this kind of use Burstword II. Here the concept of 'life' fulfils the function of expanding an inadequately narrow disciplinary or conceptual focus in different discursive contexts. In this second sense, 'life' receives an important operational function, for instance as a transdisciplinary research principle. It turns out that the innovative function and paradigm-changing power of metaphorical speech belong here as well. Finally, we illustrate three ethically relevant examples that show how 'life' can be applied as Burstword II in the context of synthetic biology.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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