Carbogen for Apnea Testing During the Brain Death Declaration Process in Subjects on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

BACKGROUND: The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in adult patients continues to increase. Suspicion of brain death while on ECMO creates a conundrum. The American Academy of Neurology states that apnea testing is a critical component of the process to declare brain death. However, t...

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Publicado en:Respiratory Care Vol. 65; no. 1; pp. 75 - 82
Autores principales: Madden, Maria, Andrews, Penny, Rector, Raymond, Menaker, Jay, Habashi, Nader
Formato: protocol research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Jan2020
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jan2020
      vid: 65
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      pub: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
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        10.4187/respcare.06378
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        atl: Carbogen for Apnea Testing During the Brain Death Declaration Process in Subjects on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.
      aug:
        au:
          Madden, Maria
          Andrews, Penny
          Rector, Raymond
          Menaker, Jay
          Habashi, Nader
        affil: Respiratory Care Services, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
      sug:
        subj:
          Ventilator Patients
          Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Methods
          Brain Death Diagnosis
          Apnea Diagnosis
          Carbon Dioxide Diagnostic Use
          Oxygen Diagnostic Use
          Human
          Hemodynamics
          Heart Arrest Risk Factors
          Death Risk Factors
          Retrospective Design
          Respiratory Function Tests
          Record Review
          Case Studies
          Clinical Assessment Tools
          Scales
          Adult
          Adult: 19-44 years
      ab: BACKGROUND: The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in adult patients continues to increase. Suspicion of brain death while on ECMO creates a conundrum. The American Academy of Neurology states that apnea testing is a critical component of the process to declare brain death. However, there is a paucity of literature on apnea testing for confirmation of brain death in patients on venoarterial ECMO and venovenous ECMO. Traditional apnea testing does not consider ECMO physiology or de-recruitment of the lungs in this subset of critically ill patients. Complications with traditional apnea testing include hemodynamic instability that may lead to cardiac arrest and death. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of apnea tests using the carbogen method performed for brain death determination on 5 subjects on ECMO. A positive apnea test was used in confirmation of brain death in all 5 subjects on either venovenous ECMO (n = 2) or venoarterial ECMO (n = 3) while remaining on mechanical ventilation. A formula was used to calculate the subject's target value for CO2 production and completion of the apnea test. RESULTS: In all 5 cases, the carbogen method resulted in 100% accuracy of the targeted CO2 goal, and apnea testing was confirmed with no adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: In 5 subjects on ECMO, the carbogen method for apnea testing as part of the process to declare brain death was accurate in predicting the end point of the apnea test. With the increased use of ECMO in adults and the ongoing need for organs, methods to confirm brain death with apnea testing while on ECMO should be further studied.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        protocol
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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