Educational review: role of the pediatric nephrologists in the work-up and management of kidney stones.

Background: The incidence of nephrolithiasis in children and adolescents is increasing and appears to double every 10 years. The most important role of the pediatric nephrologist is to diagnose and modify various metabolic and non-metabolic risk factors, as well as prevent long-term complications es...

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Publicado en:Pediatric Nephrology Vol. 35; no. 3; pp. 383 - 398
Autores principales: Rodriguez Cuellar, Carmen Inés, Wang, Peter Zhan Tao, Freundlich, Michael, Filler, Guido
Formato: questions and answers review tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Springer Nature Mar2020
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Mar2020
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      pub: Springer Nature
      place: New York, New York
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        10.1007/s00467-018-4179-9
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        atl: Educational review: role of the pediatric nephrologists in the work-up and management of kidney stones.
      aug:
        au:
          Rodriguez Cuellar, Carmen Inés
          Wang, Peter Zhan Tao
          Freundlich, Michael
          Filler, Guido
        affil: Department of Pediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, N6A 5W9, London, ON, Canada
      sug:
        subj:
          Urolithiasis Diagnosis
          Urolithiasis Therapy
          Pediatric Care
          Nephrologists
          Physician's Role
          Kidney Calculi Etiology
          Diet
          Environment
          Infant
          Urolithiasis Prevention and Control
          Cystinuria
          Sodium, Dietary Adverse Effects
          Plant-Based Diet
          Hypercalciuria
          Infant: 1-23 months
      ab: Background: The incidence of nephrolithiasis in children and adolescents is increasing and appears to double every 10 years. The most important role of the pediatric nephrologist is to diagnose and modify various metabolic and non-metabolic risk factors, as well as prevent long-term complications especially in the case of recurrent nephrolithiasis. Objective: The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing literature on the etiology and management of pediatric nephrolithiasis. Results: The incidence of kidney stones is increasing; dietary and environmental factors are probably the main causes for this increased incidence. In most pediatric patients, the etiology for the kidney stones can be identified. Metabolic factors, such as hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia, urinary tract infection, and urinary stasis, constitute leading causes. Herein, we review the etiologies, diagnostic work-up, and treatment options for the most prevalent causes of kidney stones. The detrimental effects of excessive dietary sodium, reduced fluid intake, and the benefits of plant-based over animal-based protein consumption on urinary crystal formation are discussed. We also review the long-term complications. Conclusions: Pediatric nephrologists have an important role in the diagnostic work-up and prevention of recurring nephrolithiasis.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        questions and answers
        review
        tables/charts
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      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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