Quantitative and Qualitative Improvement of Low-Count [68Ga]Citrate and [90Y]Microspheres PET Image Reconstructions Using Block Sequential Regularized Expectation Maximization Algorithm.

Purpose: There are several important positron emission tomography (PET) imaging scenarios that require imaging with very low photon statistics, for which both quantitative accuracy and visual quality should not be neglected. For example, PET imaging with the low photon statistics is closely related...

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Publicado en:Molecular Imaging & Biology Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 208 - 217
Autores principales: Seo, Youngho, Khalighi, Mohammad Mehdi, Wangerin, Kristen A., Deller, Timothy W., Wang, Yung-Hua, Jivan, Salma, Kohi, Maureen P., Aggarwal, Rahul, Flavell, Robert R., Behr, Spencer C., Evans, Michael J.
Formato: diagnostic images research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Springer Nature Feb2020
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Feb2020
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      pub: Springer Nature
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        10.1007/s11307-019-01347-0
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        atl: Quantitative and Qualitative Improvement of Low-Count [68Ga]Citrate and [90Y]Microspheres PET Image Reconstructions Using Block Sequential Regularized Expectation Maximization Algorithm.
      aug:
        au:
          Seo, Youngho
          Khalighi, Mohammad Mehdi
          Wangerin, Kristen A.
          Deller, Timothy W.
          Wang, Yung-Hua
          Jivan, Salma
          Kohi, Maureen P.
          Aggarwal, Rahul
          Flavell, Robert R.
          Behr, Spencer C.
          Evans, Michael J.
        affil: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 94143-0946, San Francisco, CA, USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Image Processing, Computer Assisted Methods
          Algorithms
          Radioisotopes Metabolism
          Gallium Metabolism
          Citrates Metabolism
          Gallium Radioisotopes Metabolism
          Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant Pathology
          Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant Metabolism
          Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant
          Phantoms, Imaging
          Radiopharmaceuticals Metabolism
          Sensitivity and Specificity
          Human
          Latex
          Male
          Validation Studies
          Comparative Studies
          Evaluation Research
          Multicenter Studies
          Funding Source
          Male
      ab: Purpose: There are several important positron emission tomography (PET) imaging scenarios that require imaging with very low photon statistics, for which both quantitative accuracy and visual quality should not be neglected. For example, PET imaging with the low photon statistics is closely related to active efforts to significantly reduce radiation exposure from radiopharmaceuticals. We investigated two examples of low-count PET imaging: (a) imaging [90Y]microsphere radioembolization that suffers the very small positron emission fraction of Y-90's decay processes, and (b) cancer imaging with [68Ga]citrate with uptake time of 3-4 half-lives, necessary for visualizing tumors. In particular, we investigated a type of penalized likelihood reconstruction algorithm, block sequential regularized expectation maximization (BSREM), for improving both image quality and quantitative accuracy of these low-count PET imaging cases.Procedures: The NEMA/IEC Body phantom filled with aqueous solution of Y-90 or Ga-68 was scanned to mimic the low-count scenarios of corresponding patient data acquisitions on a time-of-flight (TOF) PET/magnetic resonance imaging system. Contrast recovery, background variation, and signal-to-noise ratio were evaluated in different sets of count densities using both conventional TOF ordered subset expectation (TOF-OSEM) and TOF-BSREM algorithms. The regularization parameter, beta, in BSREM that controls the tradeoff between image noise and resolution was evaluated to find a value for improved confidence in image interpretation. Visual quality assessment of the images obtained from patients administered with [68Ga]citrate (n = 6) was performed. We also made preliminary visual image quality assessment for one patient with [90Y]microspheres. In Y-90 imaging, the effect of 511-keV energy window selection for minimizing the number of random events was also evaluated.Results: Quantitatively, phantom images reconstructed with TOF-BSREM showed improved contrast recovery, background variation, and signal-to-noise ratio values over images reconstructed with TOF-OSEM. Both phantom and patient studies of delayed imaging of [68Ga]citrate show that TOF-BSREM with beta = 500 gives the best tradeoff between image noise and image resolution based on visual assessment by the readers. The NEMA-IQ phantom study with [90Y]microspheres shows that the narrow energy window (460-562 keV) recovers activity concentrations in small spheres better than the regular energy window (425-650 keV) with the beta value of 2000 using the TOF-BSREM algorithm. For the images obtained from patients with [68Ga]citrate using TOF-BSREM with beta = 500, the visual analogue scale (VAS) was improved by 17 % and the Likert score was increased by 1 point on average, both in comparison to corresponding scores for images reconstructed using TOF-OSEM.Conclusion: Our investigation shows that the TOF-BSREM algorithm improves the image quality and quantitative accuracy in low-count PET imaging scenarios. However, the beta value in this algorithm needed to be adjusted for each radiopharmaceutical and counting statistics at the time of scans.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        diagnostic images
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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