Should we perform the serum cryptococcal antigen test in people living with HIV hospitalized due to a community-acquired pneumonia episode?

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common cause of hospitalization among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH), particularly those with severe immunosuppression. Pulmonary disease due to cryptococcosis is uncommonly reported and likely under-diagnosed. There is scarce informati...

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Publicado en:International Journal of STD & AIDS Vol. 31; no. 4; pp. 345 - 351
Autores principales: Silva, Adriana Paulino, Zenatti, Carolina Toniolo, Figueiredo-Mello, Claudia, Negra, Marinella Della, Levin, Anna S, Boulware, David R, Vidal, José Ernesto
Formato: research tables/charts randomized controlled trial Journal Article
Publicado: Sage Publications Inc. Mar2020
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: Should we perform the serum cryptococcal antigen test in people living with HIV hospitalized due to a community-acquired pneumonia episode?
      aug:
        au:
          Silva, Adriana Paulino
          Zenatti, Carolina Toniolo
          Figueiredo-Mello, Claudia
          Negra, Marinella Della
          Levin, Anna S
          Boulware, David R
          Vidal, José Ernesto
        affil: Deparment of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas, São Paulo, Brazil
      sug:
        subj:
          Meningitis, Cryptococcal Complications
          Cryptococcosis Microbiology
          Pneumonia Epidemiology
          HIV Infections Complications
          Antigens, Fungal Blood
          Lung Diseases, Fungal Microbiology
          Adult
          Community-Acquired Infections Epidemiology
          Middle Age
          Lung Diseases, Fungal Diagnosis
          Brazil
          Pneumonia Complications
          Cryptococcosis Diagnosis
          Meningitis, Cryptococcal Diagnosis
          AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Blood
          Female
          AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Diagnosis
          AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Microbiology
          Pneumonia Diagnosis
          Male
          Cryptococcosis Blood
          Cryptococcus
          Prevalence
          Community-Acquired Infections Microbiology
          Antigens, Fungal Immunology
          Human
          Funding Source
          Randomized Controlled Trials
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Female
          Male
      ab: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common cause of hospitalization among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH), particularly those with severe immunosuppression. Pulmonary disease due to cryptococcosis is uncommonly reported and likely under-diagnosed. There is scarce information about cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) prevalence in PLWH with CAP. The objectives of this study were to identify among PLWH who were hospitalized with CAP: (i) the prevalence of serum CrAg positivity, (ii) the proportion with asymptomatic vs. symptomatic cryptococcosis; and (iii) the prevalence of serum CrAg positivity in CD4+ T-cell count <100 cells/mm3. We performed a sub-analysis of a prospective cohort of hospitalized adults enrolled into a randomized clinical trial testing therapy for CAP. We included 202 participants who had serum CrAg testing performed. We found a 3.5% prevalence of serum CrAg-positivity overall, being higher (5.7%) in CD4+ T-cell count <100 cells/mm3. Overall, asymptomatic and symptomatic cryptococcosis were present in 2.0% and 1.5%, respectively. This study identifies a target population for CrAg testing: PLWH hospitalized with diagnosis of CAP, particularly those with CD4+ T-cell count <100 cells/mm3 where the number needed to test was 18 to detect 1 CrAg-positive person. This approach may facilitate the detection of asymptomatic cryptococcal infection and allow a timely diagnosis of symptomatic cryptococcal disease.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        randomized controlled trial
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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