Accuracy and Reproducibility of Linear and Angular Measurements in Virtual Reality: a Validation Study.

The purpose of this experimental study is to validate linear and angular measurements acquired in a virtual reality (VR) environment via a comparison with the physical measurements. The hypotheses tested are as follows: VR linear and angular measurements (1) are equivalent to the corresponding physi...

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Publicado en:Journal of Digital Imaging Vol. 33; no. 1; pp. 111 - 121
Autores principales: Anik, Asif Ahmed, Xavier, Brian A., Hansmann, Jan, Ansong, Emmanuel, Chen, Jinsong, Zhao, Linping, Michals, Edward
Formato: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Springer Nature Feb2020
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        10.1007/s10278-019-00259-3
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        atl: Accuracy and Reproducibility of Linear and Angular Measurements in Virtual Reality: a Validation Study.
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          Anik, Asif Ahmed
          Xavier, Brian A.
          Hansmann, Jan
          Ansong, Emmanuel
          Chen, Jinsong
          Zhao, Linping
          Michals, Edward
        affil: Department of Mechanical Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 W. Taylor St., 60607, Chicago, IL, USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Anthropometry Methods
          Virtual Reality
          Reproducibility of Results Evaluation
          Validity Evaluation
          Human
          Validation Studies
          Intrarater Reliability
          Interrater Reliability
          Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
          Paired T-Tests
          Predictive Value of Tests
      ab: The purpose of this experimental study is to validate linear and angular measurements acquired in a virtual reality (VR) environment via a comparison with the physical measurements. The hypotheses tested are as follows: VR linear and angular measurements (1) are equivalent to the corresponding physical measurements and (2) achieve a high degree of reproducibility. Both virtual and physical measurements were performed by two raters in four different sessions. A total of 40 linear and 15 angular measurements were acquired from three physical objects (an L-block, a hand model, and a dry skull) via the use of fiducial markers on selected locations. After both intra- and inter-rater reliability were evaluated using inter-class coefficient (ICC), equivalence between virtual and physical measurements was analyzed via paired t test and Bland-Altman plots. The accuracy of the virtual measurements was further estimated using two one-sided tests (TOST) procedure. The reproducibility of virtual measurements was evaluated via ICC as well as the repeatability coefficient. Virtual reality measurements were equivalent to physical measurements as evidenced by a paired t test with p values of 0.413 for linear and 0.533 for angular measurements and Bland-Altman plots in all three objects. The accuracy of virtual measurements was estimated to be 0.5 mm for linear and 0.7° for angular measurements, respectively. Reproducibility in VR measurements was high as evidenced by ICC of 1.00 for linear and 0.99 for angular measurements, respectively. Both linear and angular measurements in the VR environment are equivalent to the physical measurements with high accuracy and reproducibility.
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    language: English
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