Влияние османского завоевания 1475 г. на культуру жителей Южного Крыма (по материалам керамических комплексов конца XV — XVI вв.).
A successful campaign led by the Grand Vizier Gedik Ahmed Pasha to the Crimea in 1475 brought new territories to the Ottoman Empire — the Southern Taurica and the eastern edge of the Kerch Peninsula, which previously belonged to the Genoese and the local principality of Theodoro. This event, as well...
| Published in: | Stratum Plus Journal no. 6; pp. 295 - 321 |
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| Main Authors: | , |
| Format: | Article |
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P.P. Stratum plus
2019
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| Online Access: | View this record in EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hlh&AN=142283457&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: hlh uiTerm: 142283457 longDbName: Humanities International Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: jinfo: jid: 16089057 B83D jtl: Stratum Plus Journal issn: 16089057 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: 2019 iid: 6 pid: 63452 pub: P.P. Stratum plus artinfo: ui: 142283457 ppf: 295 ppct: 26 formats: tig: atl: Влияние османского завоевания 1475 г. на культуру жителей Южного Крыма (по материалам керамических комплексов конца XV — XVI вв.). aug: au: Тесленко, И. Б. Алядинова, Д. Ю. affil: (Киев, Украина). Кандидат исторических наук. Институт археологии Национальной Академии наук Украины. (Киев, Украина). Институт археологии Национальной Академии наук Украины. su: Antiquities Sixteenth century Seventeenth century Ottoman Empire Material culture Mesolithic Period Crimea (Ukraine) sug: subj: Crimea (Ukraine) Antiquities Sixteenth century Seventeenth century Ottoman Empire Material culture Mesolithic Period keyword: household culture late 15th — 16th centuries Ottomans pottery Southern Crimea ceramică Crimeea de Sud cultura cotidiană otomanii sfârșitul sec. XV — XVI Южный Крым бытовая культура керамика конец XV — XVI вв. османы ab: A successful campaign led by the Grand Vizier Gedik Ahmed Pasha to the Crimea in 1475 brought new territories to the Ottoman Empire — the Southern Taurica and the eastern edge of the Kerch Peninsula, which previously belonged to the Genoese and the local principality of Theodoro. This event, as well as new political and economic realities, had a significant impact on the material culture of the local population. Substantial changes also occurred in the ceramic assemblage. According to the written sources of the first half of the 16th century, pottery manufacturing in Taurica, particularly in the Ottoman province Kefe (former Genoese Caffa), also persisted. However, archaeological data tell about disappearance of glazed pottery, inherent for the previous epoch. In the Ottoman period, the new forms and decorations of vessels, more common for the central regions of the Porte, prevailed among ceramic utensils used by the local inhabitants. At the same time, import from other lands of the Empire became a significant part of the Crimean ceramic assemblage too, especially in the early years of the Ottoman rule. Among them, there are ordinary courseware and glazed tableware, which came in significant amounts. For the first time, changes in ceramic assemblages, which occurred after the catastrophe of 1475, are analyzed on the basis of the materials from well-dated archaeological contexts of the end of the 15th — beginning of the 17th centuries, from various archaeological sites of the Crimea. După campania reușită a marelui vizir Gedik Ahmed Pashaîn Crimeea in anul 1475, Tauricia de Sud și extremitatea de est a peninsulei Kerci, care anterior aparţineau genovezilor și cnezatului local Theodoro, devin parte a imperiului Otoman. Acest eveniment, precum și noile realităţi politico-economice, au influenţat simţitor asupra culturii materiale a populaţiei locale, inclusiv și asupra vaselor ceramice din gospodăriile casnice. Conform informaţiei izvoarelor scrise din prima jumătate a sec. XVI producerea ceramicii în Tauricia, în particular în Kefe (fosta Caffa genoveză), a continuat și în perioada otomană. Cu toate acestea materialele arheologice ne demonstrează dispariţia unui șir de tradiţii ale olăritului, caracteristice pentru epoca precedentă, și apariţia formelor noi și a modelării decorative a vaselor, mai mult caracteristice pentru paioanele centrale ale Porţii. În afară de aceasta, în primele decenii de după cucerirea otomană crește simţitor cota parte a importului din alte regiuni ale imperiului, în cadrul căruia o parte substanţială a constituit-o vesela simplă de ambalaj cotidian și obiectele ieftine smălţuite. Schimbările în complexele ceramice, ce au avut loc după catastrofa din 1475, pentru prima dată sunt analizate în baza studierii materialelor din complexe datate sigur cu sfârșitul sec. XV — începutul sec. XVII, provenite din diferite situri arheologice ale Crimeii. После успешной кампании великого визиря Гедик Ахмед паши в Крым в 1475 г., Южная Таврика и восточная око- нечность Керченского полуострова, которые прежде принадлежали генуэзцам и местному княжеству Феодоро, стано- вятся частью Османской империи. Это событие, как и новые политико-экономические реалии, оказали существенное влияние на материальную культуру местного населения, в том числе и на керамическую утварь домашних хозяйств. Согласно информации письменных источников первой половины XVI в., производство керамики в Таврике, в частности, в Кефе (бывшей генуэзской Каффе) в османский период продолжалось. Однако археологические материалы демон- стрируют исчезновение ряда гончарных традиций, характерных для предшествующей эпохи, и появление новых форм и декоративного оформления сосудов, более характерных для центральных районов Порты. Кроме того, в первые де- сятилетия после османского завоевания значительно увеличивается доля импорта из других регионов империи, среди которого существенную часть составила простая бытовая ёмкостная посуда и дешёвые поливные изделия. Впервые перемены в керамических комплексах, произошедшие после катастрофы 1475 г., анализируются на основании изуче- ния материалов из надёжно датированных объектов конца XV — начала XVII вв. различных археологических памят- ников Крыма. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Article src: R language: Russian refInfo: copyright: @attributes: flag: Y dt: @attributes: year: 2019 holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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