Triple infection with Cryptococcus, varicella-zoster virus, and Mycobacterium abscessus in a patient with anti-interferon-gamma autoantibodies: a case report.

Background: The most common infection in patients positive for anti-interferon-gamma autoantibodies (anti-IFN-γ AAbs) is disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial (dNTM) infection. Here, we report a rare case of triple infection caused by Cryptococcus, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and nontuberculou...

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Publicado en:BMC Infectious Diseases Vol. 20; no. 1; pp. 1 - 8
Autores principales: Rujirachun, Pongprueth, Sangwongwanich, Jirath, Chayakulkeeree, Methee
Formato: case study Journal Article
Publicado: BioMed Central 3/19/2020
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: 3/19/2020
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      pub: BioMed Central
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        10.1186/s12879-020-4949-4
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        atl: Triple infection with Cryptococcus, varicella-zoster virus, and Mycobacterium abscessus in a patient with anti-interferon-gamma autoantibodies: a case report.
      aug:
        au:
          Rujirachun, Pongprueth
          Sangwongwanich, Jirath
          Chayakulkeeree, Methee
        affil: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
      sug:
        subj:
          Cryptococcosis Drug Therapy
          Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Complications
          Mycobacterium Infections Drug Therapy
          Herpesviruses Immunology
          Cryptococcosis Microbiology
          Male
          Fluconazole Therapeutic Use
          Mycobacterium Infections Microbiology
          Acyclovir Therapeutic Use
          Amphotericin B Therapeutic Use
          Middle Age
          Autoantibodies
          Interferons Immunology
          Coinfection
          Scales
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Male
      ab: Background: The most common infection in patients positive for anti-interferon-gamma autoantibodies (anti-IFN-γ AAbs) is disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial (dNTM) infection. Here, we report a rare case of triple infection caused by Cryptococcus, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and nontuberculous mycobacterium in a patient with anti-IFN-γ AAbs.Case Presentation: A 53-year-old Thai man presented with a progressively enlarging right cervical mass with low-grade fever and significant weight loss for 4 months. He also developed a lesion at his left index finger. A biopsy of that lesion showed granulomatous inflammation with yeast-like organisms morphologically consistent with cryptococcosis. Serum cryptococcal antigen was positive. Histopathology of a right cervical lymph node revealed chronic granulomatous lymphadenitis, and the lymph node culture grew Mycobacterium abscessus. One month later, he complained of vision loss in his left eye and subsequently developed a group of painful vesicles at the right popliteal area of S1 dermatome. Lumbar puncture was performed and his cerebrospinal fluid was positive for VZV DNA. His blood test for anti-HIV antibody was negative. Anti-IFN-γ AAbs was positive, but test for anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor autoantibodies (anti-GM-CSF AAbs) was negative. He was treated with amphotericin B plus fluconazole for cryptococcosis; a combination of amikacin, imipenem, azithromycin, and levofloxacin for dNTM infection; and, intravenous acyclovir for disseminated VZV infection. After treatment, our patient's fever and cervical lymphadenopathy were subsided, and his vision and visual acuity were both improved.Conclusions: This is the first case of triple infection with cryptococcosis, VZV, and dNTM in a patient who tested positive for anti-IFN-γ AAbs and negative for anti-GM-CSF AAbs. This case will increase awareness and heighten suspicion of these infections in patients with the described presentations and clinical characteristics, and this will accelerate diagnosis and treatment.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        case study
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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