Empirically-derived synthetic populations to mitigate small sample sizes.
Limited sample sizes can lead to spurious modeling findings in biomedical research. The objective of this work is to present a new method to generate synthetic populations (SPs) from limited samples using matched case-control data (n = 180 pairs), considered as two separate limited samples. SPs were...
| Publicado en: | Journal of Biomedical Informatics Vol. 105 |
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , |
| Formato: | research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
Academic Press Inc.
May2020
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=143235051&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 143235051 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 15320464 OMB jtl: Journal of Biomedical Informatics issn: 15320464 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: May2020 vid: 105 pid: 735 pub: Academic Press Inc. place: Burlington, Massachusetts artinfo: ui: 143235051 143235051 NLM32173502 143235051 10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103408 NLM32173502 143235051 ppct: 1 formats: tig: atl: Empirically-derived synthetic populations to mitigate small sample sizes. aug: au: Fowler, Erin E. Berglund, Anders Schell, Michael J. Sellers, Thomas A. Eschrich, Steven Heine, John affil: Cancer Epidemiology Department, MCC, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, United States sug: subj: Study Design Sample Size Case Control Studies Factor Analysis Human Comparative Studies Multicenter Studies Evaluation Research Validation Studies Funding Source ab: Limited sample sizes can lead to spurious modeling findings in biomedical research. The objective of this work is to present a new method to generate synthetic populations (SPs) from limited samples using matched case-control data (n = 180 pairs), considered as two separate limited samples. SPs were generated with multivariate kernel density estimations (KDEs) with unconstrained bandwidth matrices. We included four continuous variables and one categorical variable for each individual. Bandwidth matrices were determined with Differential Evolution (DE) optimization by covariance comparisons. Four synthetic samples (n = 180) were derived from their respective SPs. Similarity between observed samples with synthetic samples was compared assuming their empirical probability density functions (EPDFs) were similar. EPDFs were compared with the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) test statistic based on the Kernel Two-Sample Test. To evaluate similarity within a modeling context, EPDFs derived from the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) scores and residuals were summarized with the distance to the model in X-space (DModX) as additional comparisons. Four SPs were generated from each sample. The probability of selecting a replicate when randomly constructing synthetic samples (n = 180) was infinitesimally small. MMD tests indicated that the observed sample EPDFs were similar to the respective synthetic EPDFs. For the samples, PCA scores and residuals did not deviate significantly when compared with their respective synthetic samples. The feasibility of this approach was demonstrated by producing synthetic data at the individual level, statistically similar to the observed samples. The methodology coupled KDE with DE optimization and deployed novel similarity metrics derived from PCA. This approach could be used to generate larger-sized synthetic samples. To develop this approach into a research tool for data exploration purposes, additional evaluation with increased dimensionality is required. Moreover, given a fully specified population, the degree to which individuals can be discarded while synthesizing the respective population accurately will be investigated. When these objectives are addressed, comparisons with other techniques such as bootstrapping will be required for a complete evaluation. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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