Listeners perceive complex pitch-temporal structure in melodies.

In typical Western music, important pitches occur disproportionately often on important beats, referred to as the tonal-metric hierarchy (Prince & Schmuckler, 2014, Music Perception, 31, 254–270). We tested whether listeners are sensitive to this alignment of pitch and temporal structure. In Experim...

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Publicado en:Memory & Cognition Vol. 48; no. 4; pp. 526 - 541
Autores principales: Prince, Jon B., Tan, Shih En Jeanelle, Schmuckler, Mark A.
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Springer Nature May2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: Listeners perceive complex pitch-temporal structure in melodies.
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        au:
          Prince, Jon B.
          Tan, Shih En Jeanelle
          Schmuckler, Mark A.
        affil:
          College of Science, Health, Engineering, and Education, Discipline of Psychology, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, 6150, Murdoch, WA, Australia
          University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada
      su:
        Canada
        Analysis of variance
        Cognition
        Music
        Listening
        Musical perception
        Musical pitch
        Psychoacoustics
        Statistical sampling
        Data analysis software
        Descriptive statistics
      sug:
        subj:
          Analysis of variance
          Cognition
          Music
          Canada
          Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling
          Listening
          Musical perception
          Musical pitch
          Psychoacoustics
          Statistical sampling
          Data analysis software
          Descriptive statistics
      keyword:
        Meter
        Music cognition
        Tonal-metric hierarchy
        Tonality
        Meter
        Music cognition
        Tonal-metric hierarchy
        Tonality
      ab: In typical Western music, important pitches occur disproportionately often on important beats, referred to as the tonal-metric hierarchy (Prince & Schmuckler, 2014, Music Perception, 31, 254–270). We tested whether listeners are sensitive to this alignment of pitch and temporal structure. In Experiment 1, the stimuli were 200 artificial melodies with random pitch contours; all melodies had both a regular beat and a pitch class distribution that favored one musical key, but had either high or low agreement with the tonal-metric hierarchy. Thirty-two listeners rated the goodness of each melody, and another 41 listeners rated the melodies' metric clarity (how clear the beat was). The tonal-metric hierarchy did not affect either rating type, likely because the melodies may have only weakly (at best) established a musical key. In Experiment 2, we shuffled the pitches in 60 composed melodies (scrambling pitch contour, but not rhythm) to generate versions with high and low agreement with the tonal-metric hierarchy. Both ratings of goodness (N = 40) and metric clarity (N = 40) revealed strong evidence of the tonal-metric hierarchy influencing ratings; there was no effect of musical training. In Experiment 3, we phase-shifted, rather than shuffled, the pitches from the composed melodies, thus preserving pitch contour. Both rating types (goodness N = 43, metric clarity N = 32) replicated the results of Experiment 2. These findings establish the psychological reality of the tonal-metric hierarchy.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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