The Measurement of Eye Contact in Human Interactions: A Scoping Review.
Eye contact is a fundamental aspect of nonverbal communication and therefore important for understanding human interaction. Eye contact has been the subject of research in many disciplines, including communication sciences, social psychology, and psychiatry, and a variety of techniques have been use...
| Publicado en: | Journal of Nonverbal Behavior Vol. 44; no. 3; pp. 363 - 390 |
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| Autores principales: | , , , , |
| Formato: | Artículo |
| Publicado: |
Springer Nature
Sep2020
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ssf&AN=144640779&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ssf uiTerm: 144640779 longDbName: Social Sciences Full Text (H.W. Wilson) uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: jinfo: jid: 01915886 JNV jtl: Journal of Nonverbal Behavior issn: 01915886 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Sep2020 vid: 44 iid: 3 pid: 237 pub: Springer Nature artinfo: ui: 144640779 10.1007/s10919-020-00333-3 ppf: 363 ppct: 27 formats: fmt: – @attributes: type: T – @attributes: type: P size: 772KB tig: atl: The Measurement of Eye Contact in Human Interactions: A Scoping Review. aug: au: Jongerius, Chiara Hessels, Roy S. Romijn, Johannes A. Smets, Ellen M. A. Hillen, Marij A. affil: Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Department of Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands su: Interpersonal relations Nonverbal communication Eye movements Psychology information storage & retrieval systems MEDLINE Video recording Systematic reviews sug: subj: Interpersonal relations Nonverbal communication Eye movements Psychology information storage & retrieval systems MEDLINE Video recording Systematic reviews keyword: Assessment Eye contact Measurement Mutual gaze Technique Assessment Eye contact Measurement Mutual gaze Technique ab: Eye contact is a fundamental aspect of nonverbal communication and therefore important for understanding human interaction. Eye contact has been the subject of research in many disciplines, including communication sciences, social psychology, and psychiatry, and a variety of techniques have been used to measure it. The choice of measurement method has consequences for research outcomes and their interpretation. To ensure that research findings align with study aims and populations, it is essential that methodological choices are well substantiated. Therefore, to enhance the effective examination of eye contact, we performed a literature review of the methods used to study eye contact. We searched Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science for empirical peer-reviewed articles published in English that described quantitative studies on human eye contact and included a methodological description. The identified studies (N = 109) used two approaches to assess eye contact: direct, i.e., assessing eye contact while it is occurring, and indirect, i.e., assessing eye contact retrospectively (e.g., from video recordings). Within these categories, eight specific techniques were distinguished. Variation was found regarding the reciprocity of eye contact between two individuals, the involvement of an assessor and the behavior of participants while being studied. Measures not involving the interactors in assessment of eye contact and have a higher spatial and temporal resolution, such as eye tracking, have gained popularity. Our results show wide methodological diversity regarding the measurement of eye contact. Although studies often define eye contact as gaze towards an exact location, this may not do justice to the subjective character of eye contact. The various methodologies have hardly ever been compared, limiting the ability to compare findings between studies. Future studies should take notice of the controversy surrounding eye contact measures. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Article src: R language: English refInfo: copyright: @attributes: flag: N holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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