Personalized machine learning approach to predict candidemia in medical wards.

Purpose: Candidemia is a highly lethal infection; several scores have been developed to assist the diagnosis process and recently different models have been proposed. Aim of this work was to assess predictive performance of a Random Forest (RF) algorithm for early detection of candidemia in the inte...

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Published in:Infection Vol. 48; no. 5; pp. 749 - 760
Main Authors: Ripoli, Andrea, Sozio, Emanuela, Sbrana, Francesco, Bertolino, Giacomo, Pallotto, Carlo, Cardinali, Gianluigi, Meini, Simone, Pieralli, Filippo, Azzini, Anna Maria, Concia, Ercole, Viaggi, Bruno, Tascini, Carlo
Format: algorithm research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: Springer Nature Oct2020
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Oct2020
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      pub: Springer Nature
      place: New York, New York
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        10.1007/s15010-020-01488-3
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        atl: Personalized machine learning approach to predict candidemia in medical wards.
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          Ripoli, Andrea
          Sozio, Emanuela
          Sbrana, Francesco
          Bertolino, Giacomo
          Pallotto, Carlo
          Cardinali, Gianluigi
          Meini, Simone
          Pieralli, Filippo
          Azzini, Anna Maria
          Concia, Ercole
          Viaggi, Bruno
          Tascini, Carlo
        affil: Bioengineering Department, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
      sug:
        subj:
          Individualized Medicine
          Machine Learning
          Candidemia Diagnosis
          Early Diagnosis
          Candidemia Risk Factors
          Risk Assessment
          Prediction Models
          Random Forest
          Algorithms
          Internal Medicine
          Hospital Units
          Sensitivity and Specificity Evaluation
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Middle Age
          Aged
          Aged, 80 and Over
          Multiple Logistic Regression
          Descriptive Statistics
          Inpatients
          Drug Resistance, Microbial
          Antibiotics Adverse Effects
          Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters Adverse Effects
          Total Parenteral Nutrition Adverse Effects
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Aged: 65+ years
          Aged, 80 & over
          Male
          Female
      ab: Purpose: Candidemia is a highly lethal infection; several scores have been developed to assist the diagnosis process and recently different models have been proposed. Aim of this work was to assess predictive performance of a Random Forest (RF) algorithm for early detection of candidemia in the internal medical wards (IMWs). Methods: A set of 42 potential predictors was acquired in a sample of 295 patients (male: 142, age: 72 ± 15 years; candidemia: 157/295; bacteremia: 138/295). Using tenfold cross-validation, a RF algorithm was compared with a classic stepwise multivariable logistic regression model; discriminative performance was assessed by C-statistics, sensitivity and specificity, while calibration was evaluated by Hosmer–Lemeshow test. Results: The best tuned RF algorithm demonstrated excellent discrimination (C-statistics = 0.874 ± 0.003, sensitivity = 84.24% ± 0.67%, specificity = 91% ± 2.63%) and calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow statistics = 12.779 ± 1.369, p = 0.120), markedly greater than the ones guaranteed by the classic stepwise logistic regression (C-statistics = 0.829 ± 0.011, sensitivity = 80.21% ± 1.67%, specificity = 84.81% ± 2.68%; Hosmer–Lemeshow statistics = 38.182 ± 15.983, p < 0.001). In addition, RF suggests a major role of in-hospital antibiotic treatment with microbioma highly impacting antimicrobials (MHIA) that are found as a fundamental risk of candidemia, further enhanced by TPN. When in-hospital MHIA therapy is not performed, PICC is the dominant risk factor for candidemia, again enhanced by TPN. When PICC is not used and MHIA therapy is not performed, the risk of candidemia is minimum, slightly increased by in-hospital antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: RF accurately estimates the risk of candidemia in patients admitted to IMWs. Machine learning technique might help to identify patients at high risk of candidemia, reduce the delay in empirical treatment and improve appropriateness in antifungal prescription.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        algorithm
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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