Low-Shot Deep Learning of Diabetic Retinopathy With Potential Applications to Address Artificial Intelligence Bias in Retinal Diagnostics and Rare Ophthalmic Diseases.
Importance: Recent studies have demonstrated the successful application of artificial intelligence (AI) for automated retinal disease diagnostics but have not addressed a fundamental challenge for deep learning systems: the current need for large, criterion standard-annotated retinal data sets for t...
| Publicado en: | JAMA Ophthalmology Vol. 138; no. 10; pp. 1070 - 1078 |
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , |
| Formato: | research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
American Medical Association
Oct2020
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=146363667&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 146363667 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 21686165 FTFU jtl: JAMA Ophthalmology issn: 21686165 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Oct2020 vid: 138 iid: 10 pid: 30 pub: American Medical Association place: Chicago, Illinois artinfo: ui: 146363667 146363667 NLM32880609 146363667 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.3269 NLM32880609 146363667 ppf: 1070 ppct: 8 formats: tig: atl: Low-Shot Deep Learning of Diabetic Retinopathy With Potential Applications to Address Artificial Intelligence Bias in Retinal Diagnostics and Rare Ophthalmic Diseases. aug: au: Burlina, Philippe Paul, William Mathew, Philip Joshi, Neil Pacheco, Katia D. Bressler, Neil M. affil: Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland sug: subj: Artificial Intelligence Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis Algorithms Disease Attributes Diagnosis Male Human Retrospective Design ROC Curve Female Cross Sectional Studies Validation Studies Comparative Studies Evaluation Research Multicenter Studies Checklists Male Female ab: Importance: Recent studies have demonstrated the successful application of artificial intelligence (AI) for automated retinal disease diagnostics but have not addressed a fundamental challenge for deep learning systems: the current need for large, criterion standard-annotated retinal data sets for training. Low-shot learning algorithms, aiming to learn from a relatively low number of training data, may be beneficial for clinical situations involving rare retinal diseases or when addressing potential bias resulting from data that may not adequately represent certain groups for training, such as individuals older than 85 years.Objective: To evaluate whether low-shot deep learning methods are beneficial when using small training data sets for automated retinal diagnostics.Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study, conducted from July 1, 2019, to June 21, 2020, compared different diabetic retinopathy classification algorithms, traditional and low-shot, for 2-class designations (diabetic retinopathy warranting referral vs not warranting referral). The public domain EyePACS data set was used, which originally included 88 692 fundi from 44 346 individuals. Statistical analysis was performed from February 1 to June 21, 2020.Main Outcomes and Measures: The performance (95% CIs) of the various AI algorithms was measured via receiver operating curves and their area under the curve (AUC), precision recall curves, accuracy, and F1 score, evaluated for different training data sizes, ranging from 5120 to 10 samples per class.Results: Deep learning algorithms, when trained with sufficiently large data sets (5120 samples per class), yielded comparable performance, with an AUC of 0.8330 (95% CI, 0.8140-0.8520) for a traditional approach (eg, fined-tuned ResNet), compared with low-shot methods (AUC, 0.8348 [95% CI, 0.8159-0.8537]) (using self-supervised Deep InfoMax [our method denoted as DIM]). However, when far fewer training images were available (n = 160), the traditional deep learning approach had an AUC decreasing to 0.6585 (95% CI, 0.6332-0.6838) and was outperformed by a low-shot method using self-supervision with an AUC of 0.7467 (95% CI, 0.7239-0.7695). At very low shots (n = 10), the traditional approach had performance close to chance, with an AUC of 0.5178 (95% CI, 0.4909-0.5447) compared with the best low-shot method (AUC, 0.5778 [95% CI, 0.5512-0.6044]).Conclusions and Relevance: These findings suggest the potential benefits of using low-shot methods for AI retinal diagnostics when a limited number of annotated training retinal images are available (eg, with rare ophthalmic diseases or when addressing potential AI bias). pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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