Counting Carlisle's Casualties: Defining Student Death at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School, 1879-1918.
Operating from 1879 to 1918 and educating over 8,000 students, the Carlisle Indian Industrial School was the first and one of the largest federal off-reservation boarding schools for Native Americans in the United States. Carlisle symbolized Progressive-Era attempts to assimilate indigenous populati...
| Publicado en: | American Indian Quarterly Vol. 44; no. 4; pp. 383 - 415 |
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| Formato: | Artículo |
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University of Nebraska Press
Fall2020
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hlh&AN=146625832&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: hlh uiTerm: 146625832 longDbName: Humanities International Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: jinfo: jid: 0095182X AIQ jtl: American Indian Quarterly issn: 0095182X maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Fall2020 vid: 44 iid: 4 pid: 758 pub: University of Nebraska Press artinfo: ui: 146625832 10.5250/amerindiquar.44.4.0383 ppf: 383 ppct: 32 formats: fmt: – @attributes: type: T – @attributes: type: P size: 1MB tig: atl: Counting Carlisle's Casualties: Defining Student Death at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School, 1879-1918. aug: au: VITALE IV, FRANK su: United States Indian School (Carlisle, Pa.) Mortality Off-reservation boarding schools Demography Cross references (Information retrieval) Historical research methods Repatriation of human remains Native American students Death rate History sug: subj: United States Indian School (Carlisle, Pa.) Mortality Off-reservation boarding schools Demography Cross references (Information retrieval) Historical research methods Repatriation of human remains Native American students Death rate History keyword: Carlisle Indian Industrial School cross-referential analysis historical demography Indian boarding schools mortality repatriation ab: Operating from 1879 to 1918 and educating over 8,000 students, the Carlisle Indian Industrial School was the first and one of the largest federal off-reservation boarding schools for Native Americans in the United States. Carlisle symbolized Progressive-Era attempts to assimilate indigenous populations through education, and similarly typified mortality at federal schools across the American empire. Consequently, death at Carlisle is commonly used by scholars and activists as a rhetorical tool in arguments surrounding reconciliation and repatriation. Two incommensurable death counts of 220 and 537 decedents for Carlisle have been proposed, based on competing definitions of which types of decedents should and should not be included. Using cross-referential analysis of administrative records related to school, this study suggests a death count of 232 students and 6 proximal individuals, which adheres to historic categories of mortality. Quantitative analysis of mortality is then linked to contextual information, exploring differential fatality as well as absolute and proportional death trends. This reveals social historical information about student experiences and school mortuary practices, illustrating that mortality investigations hold significant potential beyond enumeration. Simultaneously, these findings challenge existing conceptions of death's alleged objectivity, showing that mortality is an unstandardized, complex phenomenon. This complicates emotional invocations of death counts, especially considering the national and international significance ascribed to understanding mortality at indigenous boarding schools. This study argues that more historically persuasive information about death is revealed through qualitative analysis of quantitative data, showing that mortality is best understood as a highly individualized traumatic experience. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Article src: R language: English refInfo: copyright: @attributes: flag: Y custom: Copyright of American Indian Quarterly is the property of University of Nebraska Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. item: American Indian Quarterly holder: University of Nebraska Press dt: @attributes: year: 2020 holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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