Constant Overhead Quantum Fault Tolerance with Quantum Expander Codes.
The threshold theorem is a seminal result in the field of quantum computing asserting that arbitrarily long quantum computations can be performed on a faulty quantum computer provided that the noise level is below some constant threshold. This remarkable result comes at the price of increasing the n...
| Publicado en: | Communications of the ACM Vol. 64; no. 1; pp. 106 - 115 |
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| Autores principales: | , , |
| Formato: | Artículo |
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Association for Computing Machinery
Jan2021
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hlh&AN=147761726&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: hlh uiTerm: 147761726 longDbName: Humanities International Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: jinfo: jid: 00010782 ACM jtl: Communications of the ACM issn: 00010782 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Jan2021 vid: 64 iid: 1 pid: 68 pub: Association for Computing Machinery artinfo: ui: 147761726 10.1145/3434163 ppf: 106 ppct: 9 formats: tig: atl: Constant Overhead Quantum Fault Tolerance with Quantum Expander Codes. aug: au: Fawzi, Omar Grospellier, Antoine Leverrier, Anthony affil: Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, UCBL, LIP Lyon, France Inria, Paris, France su: Quantum computing Computer programming Algorithms Fault-tolerant computing sug: subj: Quantum computing Computer programming Algorithms Fault-tolerant computing ab: The threshold theorem is a seminal result in the field of quantum computing asserting that arbitrarily long quantum computations can be performed on a faulty quantum computer provided that the noise level is below some constant threshold. This remarkable result comes at the price of increasing the number of qubits (quantum bits) by a large factor that scales polylogarithmically with the size of the quantum computation we wish to realize. Minimizing the space overhead for fault-tolerant quantum computation is a pressing challenge that is crucial to benefit from the computational potential of quantum devices. In this paper, we study the asymptotic scaling of the space overhead needed for fault-tolerant quantum computation. We show that the polylogarithmic factor in the standard threshold theorem is in fact not needed and that there is a fault-tolerant construction that uses a number of qubits that is only a constant factor more than the number of qubits of the ideal computation. This result was conjectured by Gottesman who suggested to replace the concatenated codes from the standard threshold theorem by quantum error-correcting codes with a constant encoding rate. The main challenge was then to find an appropriate family of quantum codes together with an efficient classical decoding algorithm working even with a noisy syndrome. The efficiency constraint is crucial here: bear in mind that qubits are inherently noisy and that faults keep accumulating during the decoding process. The role of the decoder is therefore to keep the number of errors under control during the whole computation. On a technical level, our main contribution is the analysis of the small-set-flip decoding algorithm applied to the family of quantum expander codes. We show that it can be parallelized to run in constant time while correcting sufficiently many errors on both the qubits and the syndrome to keep the error under control. These tools can be seen as a quantum generalization of the bit-flip algorithm applied to the (classical) expander codes of Sipser and Spielman. pubtype: Periodical doctype: Article src: R language: English refInfo: copyright: @attributes: flag: Y dt: @attributes: year: 2021 holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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