BLACK HOLES AND THE 2020 NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS.
The 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics distinguished two research projects on black holes, which are one of the most striking predictions of General Relativity. The prize was divided in two parts. The first half was awarded to Roger Penrose in recognition of his singularity theorems that guarantee that bla...
| Publicado en: | Revista Cubana de Física Vol. 37; no. 2; pp. 142 - 146 |
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| Autores principales: | , |
| Formato: | Artículo |
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Universidad de La Habana
dic2020
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| Sumario: | The 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics distinguished two research projects on black holes, which are one of the most striking predictions of General Relativity. The prize was divided in two parts. The first half was awarded to Roger Penrose in recognition of his singularity theorems that guarantee that black holes, which were mathematically found since an early stage of the study of General Relativity, are not mere highly-symmetric, curious gravitational configurations, but robust predictions of the theory. The second half was awarded to Andrea Ghez and Reinhard Genzel who led two independent groups that carried out sophisticated observations of the center of our galaxy, which suggest that therein is a supermassive black hole. In this note, the main ideas of the theory of General Relativity are briefly described, as well as the main features of black holes. The two works awarded in the aforementioned Nobel prize are described. El Premio Nobel de Física 2020 distinguió dos proyectos de investigacioÍn sobre agujeros negros, que son una de las predicciones maÍs sorprendentes de la Relatividad General. El premio se dividioÍ en dos partes. La primera mitad fue otorgada a Roger Penrose y reconoce los teoremas de singularidad que garantizan que los agujeros negros, encontrados matemaÍticamente desde una etapa temprana del estudio de la Relatividad General, no son meras configuraciones gravitacionales curiosas con alta simetría, sino predicciones robustas de la teoría. La segunda mitad se otorgoÍ aAndreaGhezyaReinhard Genzel quieneslideraron dos grupos independientes que realizaron complicadas observaciones del centro de nuestra galaxia, las cuales sugieren que ahí hay un agujero negro supermasivo. En esta nota se explican las ideas principales de la teoría de la Relatividad General, así como las características principales de los agujeros negros. Se describen las dos obras premiadas en el mencionado premio Nobel. |
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