Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medications and BMI trajectories: The role of medication type, sex and age.

Summary: Objectives: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the medications used to treat it are associated with obesity. Stimulants lead to weight loss, while antipsychotics and antidepressants lead to weight gain. Little is known, however, how alpha‐2‐agonists impact weight, or the in...

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Publicado en:Pediatric Obesity Vol. 16; no. 4; pp. 1 - 8
Autores principales: Gurka, Matthew J., Siddiqi, Siraj U., Filipp, Stephanie L., Mercado, Rebeccah, Thompson, Lindsay A., Janicke, David M., Shenkman, Elizabeth A.
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Wiley-Blackwell Apr2021
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Apr2021
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      pub: Wiley-Blackwell
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        10.1111/ijpo.12738
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        atl: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medications and BMI trajectories: The role of medication type, sex and age.
      aug:
        au:
          Gurka, Matthew J.
          Siddiqi, Siraj U.
          Filipp, Stephanie L.
          Mercado, Rebeccah
          Thompson, Lindsay A.
          Janicke, David M.
          Shenkman, Elizabeth A.
        affil: Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville Florida, USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Drug Therapy
          Adrenergic alpha-Agonists Therapeutic Use
          Adrenergic alpha-Agonists Pharmacodynamics
          Body Weight Drug Effects
          Body Mass Index
          Age Factors
          Sex Factors
          Human
          Descriptive Statistics
          Prospective Studies
          Electronic Health Records
          Child, Preschool
          Child
          Adolescence
          Young Adult
          Race Factors
          Ethnic Groups
          Antidepressive Agents Pharmacodynamics
          Antipsychotic Agents Pharmacodynamics
          Central Nervous System Stimulants Pharmacodynamics
          Child, Preschool: 2-5 years
          Child: 6-12 years
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
      ab: Summary: Objectives: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the medications used to treat it are associated with obesity. Stimulants lead to weight loss, while antipsychotics and antidepressants lead to weight gain. Little is known, however, how alpha‐2‐agonists impact weight, or the independent effect on BMI of these four classes of medications, which are often prescribed concurrently. We aimed to estimate the proximal change in BMI associated with start of medication and to assess whether medication‐specific departures in BMI varied by age and sex. Study Design: We analysed longitudinal electronic health records from children (4‐19 years) with an ADHD diagnosis seen at one healthcare system (2011‐2018). Their BMI z‐scores were fit as a cubic function of age via a mixed model, separately by sex and adjusting for race/ethnicity. From this model, we estimated annual changes in BMI‐z after medication, allowing changes to vary by age and sex. Results: Among the 22 714 children with ADHD (mean initial age = 10.0), 4335 (19.1%) were never prescribed ADHD medication. The others (80.9%) experienced departures in BMI‐z after start of all four medication classes, which varied across age and sex (interaction P‐values <.01). All medications had larger impacts at younger ages. As expected, decreased BMI‐z was observed with stimulants, while antidepressants and antipsychotics led to BMI‐z increases; alpha‐agonists also were associated with BMI‐z increases. Conclusions: This longitudinal study revealed that ADHD medications are independently associated with proximal changes in BMI‐z after initiation, significantly varying by sex and age. Future research should study further the interactions of these medications on long‐term impacts on obesity.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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