Pre-programming in overhand throwing of children with Down syndrome: role of the generalized motor program.
It is unclear whether slowness and higher reaction time of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are because of inability to pre-program and using the generalized motor program (GMP) or not. So, the purpose of this study was to examine the consistency of relative timing as a fixed feature of a GMP in...
| Publicado en: | International Journal of Developmental Disabilities Vol. 67; no. 3; pp. 229 - 236 |
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| Autores principales: | , , , , |
| Formato: | research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Jun2021
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=150677351&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 150677351 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 20473869 F2SP jtl: International Journal of Developmental Disabilities issn: 20473869 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Jun2021 vid: 67 iid: 3 pid: 377 pub: Taylor & Francis Ltd place: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania artinfo: ui: 150677351 150677351 150677351 10.1080/20473869.2019.1585693 150677351 ppf: 229 ppct: 7 formats: fmt: – @attributes: type: T – @attributes: type: P tig: atl: Pre-programming in overhand throwing of children with Down syndrome: role of the generalized motor program. aug: au: Vali Noghondar, Narges Sohrabi, Mehdi Taheri, Hamid Reza Kobravi, Hamid Reza Khodashenas, Ezzat affil: Department of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran sug: subj: Throwing In Infancy and Childhood Down Syndrome Motor Skills Program Evaluation Human Female Male Child Adolescence Control Group Task Performance and Analysis Variable Motion Analysis Systems Sample Size Elbow Joint Physiology Shoulder Joint Physiology Extension Two-Way Analysis of Variance Kinematics Outcome Assessment Data Analysis Software Descriptive Statistics Statistical Significance Child: 6-12 years Adolescent: 13-18 years Female Male ab: It is unclear whether slowness and higher reaction time of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are because of inability to pre-program and using the generalized motor program (GMP) or not. So, the purpose of this study was to examine the consistency of relative timing as a fixed feature of a GMP in overhand throwing with changing the distance to target as a varied feature. Fifteen individuals with DS (age = 13 ± 2 y) and a control group of 12 individuals without intellectual disability (ID; age = 13 ± 2 y) were asked to throw a tennis ball to a fixed target from three distances of 2, 2.75, and 3.25 m, respectively. Instant of occurrence of the following discrete variables was recorded by motion analysis: initiation of elbow extension, maximum shoulder angular velocity, maximum elbow angular velocity, and maximum resultant hand velocity. Results of two-way analysis of variance test did not show any significant difference in any of the relative kinematic variables in distances and groups (p > 0.05). It seems that individuals with DS are able to motor preprogram and they use a GMP to overhand throwing from different distances as well as those without ID. Also, slowness and reaction time are unrelated to pre-programming and GMP as it relates to overhand throwing. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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