Increased C-Peptide Immunoreactivity in Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome (Hirata Disease) Due to High Molecular Weight Proinsulin.

BACKGROUND: Determination of C-peptide is important in the investigation of unexplained hyper insulinemic hypoglycemia because a high C-peptide concentration usually indicates endogenous insulin hypersecretion. Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) denotes hyper insulinemic hypoglycemia due to insulin-b...

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Published in:Clinical Chemistry Vol. 67; no. 6; pp. 854 - 863
Main Authors: Kay, Richard G., Barker, Peter, Burling, Keith, Cohen, Mark, Halsall, David, Reimann, Frank, Gribble, Fiona M., Semple, Robert K., Church, David
Format: Journal Article
Published: Oxford University Press / USA Jun2021
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jun2021
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      pub: Oxford University Press / USA
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        10.1093/clinchem/hvab043
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        atl: Increased C-Peptide Immunoreactivity in Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome (Hirata Disease) Due to High Molecular Weight Proinsulin.
      aug:
        au:
          Kay, Richard G.
          Barker, Peter
          Burling, Keith
          Cohen, Mark
          Halsall, David
          Reimann, Frank
          Gribble, Fiona M.
          Semple, Robert K.
          Church, David
        affil: University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK.
      sug:
      ab: BACKGROUND: Determination of C-peptide is important in the investigation of unexplained hyper insulinemic hypoglycemia because a high C-peptide concentration usually indicates endogenous insulin hypersecretion. Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) denotes hyper insulinemic hypoglycemia due to insulin-binding antibodies that prolong insulin half-life. C-peptide clearance is considered to be unaffected, and although a marked C-peptide immunoreactivity in hypoglycemic samples has been reported, it has been suspected to be artifactual. High-resolution mass spectrometry enables examination of the basis of C-peptide-immunoreactivity in IAS. METHODS: Precipitation of plasma with polyethylene glycol was followed by C-peptide immunoassay. Plasma peptides extracted by solvent precipitation were characterized by nano-LC–MS/MS and analyzed using an untargeted data-dependent method. Peptides related to proinsulin, in amino acid sequence, were identified using proprietary bioinformatics software and confirmed by repeat LC– MS/MS analysis. Gel filtration chromatography coupled to LC–MS/MS was used to identify proinsulin-related peptides present in IAS immunocomplexes. Results were compared with those from C-peptide immunoassay. RESULTS: Polyethylene glycol precipitation of IAS plasma, but not control plasma, depleted C-peptide immunoreactivity consistent with immunoglobulin-bound C-peptide immunoreactivity. LC–MS/MS detected proinsulin and des 31,32 proinsulin at higher abundance in IAS plasma compared with control plasma. Analysis by gel filtration chromatography coupled to LC–MS/MS demonstrated proinsulin and des 31,32 proinsulin, but no C-peptide, in plasma immunocomplexes. CONCLUSIONS: Antibody binding can enrich proinsulin and des 31,32 proinsulin in IAS immunocomplexes. Proinsulin cross-reactivity in some C-peptide immunoassays can lead to artifactually increased C-peptide results.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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