Orbitofrontal cortex thickness and substance use disorders in emerging adulthood: causal inferences from a co‐twin control/discordant twin study.
Background/aims: Research linking orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) structure and substance use disorders (SUDs) is largely correlational and often implies a causal effect of addiction/substance exposure on the brain, but familial risk factors (e.g. genetic liability) may confound these associations. We te...
| Publicado en: | Addiction Vol. 116; no. 9; pp. 2548 - 2559 |
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , |
| Formato: | research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
Wiley-Blackwell
Sep2021
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=151682336&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 151682336 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 09652140 AIO jtl: Addiction issn: 09652140 maglogo: Y pubinfo: dt: Sep2021 vid: 116 iid: 9 pid: 480 pub: Wiley-Blackwell place: Malden, Massachusetts artinfo: ui: 151682336 148999312 151682336 151682336 10.1111/add.15447 151682336 ppf: 2548 ppct: 11 formats: fmt: – @attributes: type: T – @attributes: type: C – @attributes: type: P tig: atl: Orbitofrontal cortex thickness and substance use disorders in emerging adulthood: causal inferences from a co‐twin control/discordant twin study. aug: au: Harper, Jeremy Wilson, Sylia Malone, Stephen M. Hunt, Ruskin H. Thomas, Kathleen M. Iacono, William G. affil: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN,, USA sug: subj: Brain Anatomy and Histology Prefrontal Cortex Pathology Brain Cortical Thickness Substance Use Disorders In Adulthood Twins Human Causal Attribution Disease Susceptibility Familial and Genetic Adult Ethanol Cannabis Tobacco Clinical Assessment Tools Magnetic Resonance Imaging Comparative Studies Adult: 19-44 years ab: Background/aims: Research linking orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) structure and substance use disorders (SUDs) is largely correlational and often implies a causal effect of addiction/substance exposure on the brain, but familial risk factors (e.g. genetic liability) may confound these associations. We tested whether associations between alcohol, cannabis and tobacco use disorders and OFC thickness reflected the potential causal effects of familial risk or SUDs‐related consequences (e.g. substance exposure). Design A co‐twin control/discordant twin design separated familial risk confounding from SUD‐related consequences. Setting/participants: A population‐based sample of 436 24‐year‐old twins (62% monozygotic) from the Minnesota Twin Family Study, USA. Measurements Alcohol, cannabis and tobacco use disorders were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview—Substance Abuse Module. Cortical thickness of the medial and lateral OFC (mOFC and lOFC, respectively) was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Findings Lower mOFC (P‐values ≤ 0.006) but not lOFC (P‐values ≥ 0.190) thickness was observed in diagnosed individuals (n = 185) relative to non‐SUD controls (n = 251). Co‐twin control analyses offered evidence that mOFC associations were consistent with familial risk across SUDs (between‐pair effect: P‐values ≤ 0.047) and the independent consequences of having an alcohol or cannabis use disorder (within‐pair effect: P‐values ≤ 0.024). That is, within alcohol/cannabis discordant twin pairs, affected twins had significantly lower mOFC thickness compared with their unaffected co‐twins. Conclusions: A confounder‐adjusted analysis of the Minnesota Twin Family Study appeared to indicate that, beyond a substance use disorders general familial risk effect, the experience of an alcohol or cannabis use disorder in emerging adulthood reduces the thickness of the medial orbitofrontal cortex, a region associated with value‐guided decision‐making. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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