| Sumario: | Are the antecedents identified in trailblazing/adoption and quantitative/qualitative public policy innovation studies similar or different? This quantitative study answers this question by identifying, categorizing and analyzing their antecedents, identified in a systematic literature review (SLR). Trailblazing is the first three adoptions of an innovation in its population/ community, adoption is all adoptions, in any organization. If their antecedents were different, this would lend credibility to the idea that they are different phenomena. The criteria for inclusion in the SLR were met by 87 publications; 594 antecedents were identified. Analysis identified 508 unique antecedents, 28 grouped antecedents, 5 factors and 3 clusters. In 21 trailblazing studies, 131 antecedents were identified, a mean of 6.2 antecedents per document: 57 internal grouped antecedents, 38 political and 36 external antecedents. The most important (most mentioned) antecedents were part of internal cluster. In 66 adoption studies, 463 antecedents were identified, 7.0 per document, 12.9 per cent more. The number of antecedents found in trailblazing and adoption were different (different defined as =>10% difference). In adoption studies, internal antecedents (247) were also mentioned most, followed by 135 external and 81 political antecedents. Internal cluster (total of 304 antecedents) is relevant to the internal operations of a government; political (119) to the political domain, outside the government; external (171) to the environment outside both the government and the political domain. Between trailblazing and adoption, of 28 grouped antecedents, some were similar (16) (<10% different), more were different (12) (=>10% difference in their proportion of their cluster). Trailblazing and adoption do not appear to be the same phenomena. Quantitative and qualitative studies were also compared. In 37 quantitative studies, 248 antecedents, a mean of 6.7 antecedents per study and in 50 qualitative studies, 346 antecedents, a mean of 6.9 per study were found. This is a difference in the mean number of antecedents found per study of 3.0%, similar means. In quantitative literature, 122 internal antecedents, 76 external and 50 political were identified. In qualitative literature, 182 internal, 95 external and 69 political antecedents were mentioned. Some grouped antecedents of quantitative and qualitative studies were similar (19), fewer were different (8). Grouped antecedents of trailblazing and adoption studies were more different and those of quantitative and qualitative studies were more similar.
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