Autonomous algorithmic collusion: Q‐learning under sequential pricing.
Prices are increasingly set by algorithms. One concern is that intelligent algorithms may learn to collude on higher prices even in the absence of the kind of coordination necessary to establish an antitrust infringement. However, exactly how this may happen is an open question. I show how in simula...
| Publicado en: | RAND Journal of Economics (Wiley-Blackwell) Vol. 52; no. 3; pp. 538 - 559 |
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| Formato: | Artículo |
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Wiley-Blackwell
Sep2021
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ssf&AN=152513498&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ssf uiTerm: 152513498 longDbName: Social Sciences Full Text (H.W. Wilson) uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: jinfo: jid: 07416261 56RJ jtl: RAND Journal of Economics (Wiley-Blackwell) issn: 07416261 maglogo: Y pubinfo: dt: Sep2021 vid: 52 iid: 3 pid: 480 pub: Wiley-Blackwell artinfo: ui: 152513498 10.1111/1756-2171.12383 ppf: 538 ppct: 21 formats: fmt: – @attributes: type: T – @attributes: type: C – @attributes: type: P size: 967KB tig: atl: Autonomous algorithmic collusion: Q‐learning under sequential pricing. aug: su: Reinforcement learning Machine learning Collusion Algorithms Open-ended questions sug: subj: Reinforcement learning Machine learning Collusion Algorithms Open-ended questions ab: Prices are increasingly set by algorithms. One concern is that intelligent algorithms may learn to collude on higher prices even in the absence of the kind of coordination necessary to establish an antitrust infringement. However, exactly how this may happen is an open question. I show how in simulated sequential competition, competing reinforcement learning algorithms can indeed learn to converge to collusive equilibria when the set of discrete prices is limited. When this set increases, the algorithm considered increasingly converges to supra‐competitive asymmetric cycles. I show that results are robust to various extensions and discuss practical limitations and policy implications. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Article src: R language: English refInfo: copyright: @attributes: flag: N holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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