Fluid flow exposure promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and adhesion of breast cancer cells to endothelial cells.
Background: Mechanical interactions between tumor cells and microenvironments are frequent phenomena during breast cancer progression, however, it is not well understood how these interactions affect Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). EMT is associated with the progression of most carcinoma...
| Published in: | Breast Cancer Research Vol. 23; no. 1; pp. 1 - 18 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
| Format: | research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Published: |
BioMed Central
10/12/2021
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| Online Access: | View this record in EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=152974350&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 152974350 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 14655411 8UYJ jtl: Breast Cancer Research issn: 14655411 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: 10/12/2021 vid: 23 iid: 1 pid: 24147 pub: BioMed Central artinfo: ui: 152974350 152974350 NLM34641959 152974350 10.1186/s13058-021-01473-0 NLM34641959 152974350 ppf: 1 ppct: 17 formats: fmt: – @attributes: type: T – @attributes: type: P tig: atl: Fluid flow exposure promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and adhesion of breast cancer cells to endothelial cells. aug: au: Fuh, Kenneth F. Shepherd, Robert D. Withell, Jessica S. Kooistra, Brayden K. Rinker, Kristina D. affil: Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada sug: subj: Breast Neoplasms Pathology Interstitial Fluid Physiology Cell Physiology Human Epithelial Cells Pathology Cytoskeletal Proteins Metabolism Female Cytoskeletal Proteins Carrier Proteins Metabolism Cell Movement Molecular Structure Cell Line, Tumor Breast Neoplasms Metabolism Neoplasm Metastasis Carrier Proteins Breast Neoplasms Genes Comparative Studies Multicenter Studies Evaluation Research Validation Studies Funding Source Female ab: Background: Mechanical interactions between tumor cells and microenvironments are frequent phenomena during breast cancer progression, however, it is not well understood how these interactions affect Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). EMT is associated with the progression of most carcinomas through induction of new transcriptional programs within affected epithelial cells, resulting in cells becoming more motile and adhesive to endothelial cells.Methods: MDA-MB-231, SK-BR-3, BT-474, and MCF-7 cells and normal Human Mammary Epithelial Cells (HMECs) were exposed to fluid flow in a parallel-plate bioreactor system. Changes in expression were quantified using microarrays, qPCR, immunocytochemistry, and western blots. Gene-gene interactions were elucidated using network analysis, and key modified genes were examined in clinical datasets. Potential involvement of Smads was investigated using siRNA knockdown studies. Finally, the ability of flow-stimulated and unstimulated cancer cells to adhere to an endothelial monolayer, migrate and invade membrane pores was evaluated in flow and static adhesion experiments.Results: Fluid flow stimulation resulted in upregulation of EMT inducers and downregulation of repressors. Specifically, Vimentin and Snail were upregulated both at the gene and protein expression levels in flow stimulated HMECs and MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting progression towards an EMT phenotype. Flow-stimulated SNAI2 was abrogated with Smad3 siRNA. Flow-induced overexpression of a panel of cell adhesion genes was also observed. Network analysis revealed genes involved in cell flow responses including FN1, PLAU, and ALCAM. When evaluated in clinical datasets, overexpression of FN1, PLAU, and ALCAM was observed in patients with different subtypes of breast cancer. We also observed increased adhesion, migration and invasion of flow-stimulated breast cancer cells compared to unstimulated controls.Conclusions: This study shows that fluid forces on the order of 1 Pa promote EMT and adhesion of breast cancer cells to an endothelial monolayer and identified biomarkers were distinctly expressed in patient populations. A better understanding of how biophysical forces such as shear stress affect cellular processes involved in metastatic progression of breast cancer is important for identifying new molecular markers for disease progression, and for predicting metastatic risk. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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