Examining the predictability and prognostication of multimorbidity among older Delayed-Discharge Patients: A Machine learning analytics.

Background: Patient complexity among older delayed-discharge patients complicates discharge planning, resulting in a higher rate of adverse outcomes, such as readmission and mortality. Early prediction of multimorbidity, as a common indicator of patient complexity, can support proactive discharge pl...

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Published in:International Journal of Medical Informatics Vol. 156
Main Authors: Ghazalbash, Somayeh, Zargoush, Manaf, Mowbray, Fabrice, Papaioannou, Alexandra
Format: research Journal Article
Published: Elsevier B.V. Dec2021
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      jtl: International Journal of Medical Informatics
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      dt: Dec2021
      vid: 156
      pid: 467
      pub: Elsevier B.V.
      place: New York, New York
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        153339736
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        10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2021.104597
        NLM34619571
        153339736
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        atl: Examining the predictability and prognostication of multimorbidity among older Delayed-Discharge Patients: A Machine learning analytics.
      aug:
        au:
          Ghazalbash, Somayeh
          Zargoush, Manaf
          Mowbray, Fabrice
          Papaioannou, Alexandra
        affil: Health Policy and Management, DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
      sug:
        subj:
          Patient Discharge
          Readmission
          Human
          Ontario
          Comparative Studies
          Multicenter Studies
          Evaluation Research
          Validation Studies
          Clinical Assessment Tools
          Family Coping Inventory
      ab: Background: Patient complexity among older delayed-discharge patients complicates discharge planning, resulting in a higher rate of adverse outcomes, such as readmission and mortality. Early prediction of multimorbidity, as a common indicator of patient complexity, can support proactive discharge planning by prioritizing complex patients and reducing healthcare inefficiencies.Objective: We set out to accomplish the following two objectives: 1) to examine the predictability of three common multimorbidity indices, including Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Index (CDCI), the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI), and the Functional Comorbidity Index (FCI) using machine learning (ML), and 2) to assess the prognostic power of these indices in predicting 30-day readmission and mortality.Materials and Methods: We used data including 163,983 observations of patients aged 65 and older who experienced discharge delay in Ontario, Canada, during 2004 - 2017. First, we utilized various classification ML algorithms, including classification and regression trees, random forests, bagging trees, extreme gradient boosting, and logistic regression, to predict the multimorbidity status based on CDCI, ECI, and FCI. Second, we used adjusted multinomial logistic regression to assess the association between multimorbidity indices and the patient-important outcomes, including 30-day mortality and readmission.Results: For all ML algorithms and regardless of the predictive performance criteria, better predictions were established for the CDCI compared with the ECI and FCI. Remarkably, the most predictable multimorbidity index (i.e., CDCI with Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.79 - 0.81) also offered the highest prognostications regarding adverse events (RRRmortality = 3.44, 95% CI = 3.21 - 3.68 and RRRreadmission = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.31 - 1.40).Conclusions: Our findings highlight the feasibility and utility of predicting multimorbidity status using ML algorithms, resulting in the early detection of patients at risk of mortality and readmission. This can support proactive triage and decision-making about staffing and resource allocation, with the goal of optimizing patient outcomes and facilitating an upstream and informed discharge process through prioritizing complex patients for discharge and providing patient-centered care.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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