Prediction versus understanding in computationally enhanced neuroscience.

The use of machine learning instead of traditional models in neuroscience raises significant questions about the epistemic benefits of the newer methods. I draw on the literature on model intelligibility in the philosophy of science to offer some benchmarks for the interpretability of artificial neu...

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Publicado en:Synthese Vol. 199; no. 1/2; pp. 767 - 791
Autor principal: Chirimuuta, M.
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Springer Nature Dec2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: Prediction versus understanding in computationally enhanced neuroscience.
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        au: Chirimuuta, M.
        affil: Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh, 1101 Cathedral of Learning, 4200 Fifth Avenue, 15260, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
      su:
        Artificial neural networks
        Philosophy of science
        Visual cortex
        Machine learning
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          Artificial neural networks
          Philosophy of science
          Visual cortex
          Machine learning
      keyword:
        Artificial intelligence
        Computational modelling
        Explanation
        Philosophy of neuroscience
        Understanding
      ab: The use of machine learning instead of traditional models in neuroscience raises significant questions about the epistemic benefits of the newer methods. I draw on the literature on model intelligibility in the philosophy of science to offer some benchmarks for the interpretability of artificial neural networks (ANN's) used as a predictive tool in neuroscience. Following two case studies on the use of ANN's to model motor cortex and the visual system, I argue that the benefit of providing the scientist with understanding of the brain trades off against the predictive accuracy of the models. This trade-off between prediction and understanding is better explained by a non-factivist account of scientific understanding.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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