Humanistic interpretation and machine learning.

This paper investigates how unsupervised machine learning methods might make hermeneutic interpretive text analysis more objective in the social sciences. Through a close examination of the uses of topic modeling—a popular unsupervised approach in the social sciences—it argues that the primary way i...

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Publicado en:Synthese Vol. 199; no. 1/2; pp. 1461 - 1498
Autores principales: Pääkkönen, Juho, Ylikoski, Petri
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Springer Nature Dec2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        10.1007/s11229-020-02806-w
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        atl: Humanistic interpretation and machine learning.
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        au:
          Pääkkönen, Juho
          Ylikoski, Petri
        affil:
          Sociology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
          Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
          Institute for Analytical Sociology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
      su:
        Machine learning
        Objectivity
      sug:
        subj:
          Machine learning
          Objectivity
      keyword:
        Humanistic interpretation
        Latent Dirichlet allocation
        Text analytics
        Topic modeling
      ab: This paper investigates how unsupervised machine learning methods might make hermeneutic interpretive text analysis more objective in the social sciences. Through a close examination of the uses of topic modeling—a popular unsupervised approach in the social sciences—it argues that the primary way in which unsupervised learning supports interpretation is by allowing interpreters to discover unanticipated information in larger and more diverse corpora and by improving the transparency of the interpretive process. This view highlights that unsupervised modeling does not eliminate the researchers' judgments from the process of producing evidence for social scientific theories. The paper shows this by distinguishing between two prevalent attitudes toward topic modeling, i.e., topic realism and topic instrumentalism. Under neither can modeling provide social scientific evidence without the researchers' interpretive engagement with the original text materials. Thus the unsupervised text analysis cannot improve the objectivity of interpretation by alleviating the problem of underdetermination in interpretive debate. The paper argues that the sense in which unsupervised methods can improve objectivity is by providing researchers with the resources to justify to others that their interpretations are correct. This kind of objectivity seeks to reduce suspicions in collective debate that interpretations are the products of arbitrary processes influenced by the researchers' idiosyncratic decisions or starting points. The paper discusses this view in relation to alternative approaches to formalizing interpretation and identifies several limitations on what unsupervised learning can be expected to achieve in terms of supporting interpretive work.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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