Tracking probabilistic truths: a logic for statistical learning.

We propose a new model for forming and revising beliefs about unknown probabilities. To go beyond what is known with certainty and represent the agent's beliefs about probability, we consider a plausibility map, associating to each possible distribution a plausibility ranking. Beliefs are defined as...

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Published in:Synthese Vol. 199; no. 3/4; pp. 9041 - 9088
Main Authors: Baltag, Alexandru, Rad, Soroush Rafiee, Smets, Sonja
Format: Article
Published: Springer Nature Dec2021
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Dec2021
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        10.1007/s11229-021-03193-6
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        atl: Tracking probabilistic truths: a logic for statistical learning.
      aug:
        au:
          Baltag, Alexandru
          Rad, Soroush Rafiee
          Smets, Sonja
        affil:
          Institute for Logic, Language and Computation (ILLC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
          Dutch Institute for Emergent Phenomena (DIEP), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
          Department of Information Science and Media Studies, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
      su:
        Statistical learning
        Logic
        Multinomial distribution
        Certainty
      sug:
        subj:
          Statistical learning
          Logic
          Multinomial distribution
          Certainty
      keyword:
        03B42
        03B48
        03B60
        Belief revision theory
        Doxastic logic
        Formal epistemology
        Imprecise probabilities
        Plausibility models
        Radical uncertainty
      ab: We propose a new model for forming and revising beliefs about unknown probabilities. To go beyond what is known with certainty and represent the agent's beliefs about probability, we consider a plausibility map, associating to each possible distribution a plausibility ranking. Beliefs are defined as in Belief Revision Theory, in terms of truth in the most plausible worlds (or more generally, truth in all the worlds that are plausible enough). We consider two forms of conditioning or belief update, corresponding to the acquisition of two types of information: (1) learning observable evidence obtained by repeated sampling from the unknown distribution; and (2) learning higher-order information about the distribution. The first changes only the plausibility map (via a 'plausibilistic' version of Bayes' Rule), but leaves the given set of possible distributions essentially unchanged; the second rules out some distributions, thus shrinking the set of possibilities, without changing their plausibility ordering.. We look at stability of beliefs under either of these types of learning, defining two related notions (safe belief and statistical knowledge), as well as a measure of the verisimilitude of a given plausibility model. We prove a number of convergence results, showing how our agent's beliefs track the true probability after repeated sampling, and how she eventually gains in a sense (statistical) knowledge of that true probability. Finally, we sketch the contours of a dynamic doxastic logic for statistical learning.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
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      src: R
    language: English
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