A qualitative system dynamics model for effects of workplace violence and clinician burnout on agitation management in the emergency department.
Background: Over 1.7 million episodes of agitation occur annually across the United States in emergency departments (EDs), some of which lead to workplace assaults on clinicians and require invasive methods like physical restraints to maintain staff and patient safety. Recent studies demonstrated th...
| Publicado en: | BMC Health Services Research Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 1 - 13 |
|---|---|
| Autores principales: | , , , , |
| Formato: | Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
BioMed Central
1/15/2022
|
| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=154705669&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 154705669 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 14726963 1CHS jtl: BMC Health Services Research issn: 14726963 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: 1/15/2022 vid: 22 iid: 1 pid: 24147 pub: BioMed Central artinfo: ui: 154705669 154705669 NLM35033071 10.1186/s12913-022-07472-x NLM35033071 154705669 ppf: 1 ppct: 12 formats: tig: atl: A qualitative system dynamics model for effects of workplace violence and clinician burnout on agitation management in the emergency department. aug: au: Wong, Ambrose H. Sabounchi, Nasim S. Roncallo, Hannah R. Ray, Jessica M. Heckmann, Rebekah affil: Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 464 Congress Ave Suite 260, 06519, New Haven, CT, USA sug: subj: Workplace Violence Prevention and Control Burnout, Professional Prevention and Control Patient Safety Emergency Service Work Environment Impact of Events Scale Scales ab: Background: Over 1.7 million episodes of agitation occur annually across the United States in emergency departments (EDs), some of which lead to workplace assaults on clinicians and require invasive methods like physical restraints to maintain staff and patient safety. Recent studies demonstrated that experiences of workplace violence contribute to symptoms of burnout, which may impact future decisions regarding use of physical restraints on agitated patients. To capture the dynamic interactions between clinicians and agitated patients under their care, we applied qualitative system dynamics methods to develop a model that describes feedback mechanisms of clinician burnout and the use of physical restraints to manage agitation.Methods: We convened an interprofessional panel of clinician stakeholders and agitation experts for a series of model building sessions to develop the current model. The panel derived the final version of our model over ten sessions of iterative refinement and modification, each lasting approximately three to four hours. We incorporated findings from prior studies on agitation and burnout related to workplace violence, identifying interpersonal and psychological factors likely to influence our outcomes of interest to form the basis of our model.Results: The final model resulted in five main sets of feedback loops that describe key narratives regarding the relationship between clinician burnout and agitated patients becoming physically restrained: (1) use of restraints decreases agitation and risk of assault, leading to increased perceptions of safety and decreasing use of restraints in a balancing feedback loop which stabilizes the system; (2) clinician stress leads to a perception of decreased safety and lower threshold to restrain, causing more stress in a negatively reinforcing loop; (3) clinician burnout leads to a decreased perception of colleague support which leads to more burnout in a negatively reinforcing loop; (4) clinician burnout leads to negative perceptions of patient intent during agitation, thus lowering threshold to restrain and leading to higher task load, more likelihood of workplace assaults, and higher burnout in a negatively reinforcing loop; and (5) mutual trust between clinicians causes increased perceptions of safety and improved team control, leading to decreased clinician stress and further increased mutual trust in a positively reinforcing loop.Conclusions: Our system dynamics approach led to the development of a robust qualitative model that illustrates a number of important feedback cycles that underly the relationships between clinician experiences of workplace violence, stress and burnout, and impact on decisions to physically restrain agitated patients. This work identifies potential opportunities at multiple targets to break negatively reinforcing cycles and support positive influences on safety for both clinicians and patients in the face of physical danger. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
|---|