| Sumario: | Fast and accurate screening for mental health problems in early childhood is a prerequisite for effective early intervention. The Early Childhood Screening Assessment (ECSA) is a valid and standardized screening tool for young children. The aims of the current study were to examine the psychometric properties, the factorial structure, and validity evidence for test score interpretation of the German version of the ECSA. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis support a two-factor solution differentiating externalizing and internalizing problems in early childhood. Concurrent validity was demonstrated by positive associations with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Accuracy of identifying children at risk in comparison to CBCL was good with appropriate sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, ECSA problem scores showed specific associations with low ego-resiliency and field-independence scores and high ego-undercontrol, aggression, and anxiety scores. ECSA caregiver depression scores were associated with children's ECSA problem scores. The German version of the ECSA is a short and accurate screening tool for mental health problems in early childhood. Highlights: The German ECSA is a short and accurate mental health screening tool for young children in German-speaking countries. Children's mental health problems are associated with low ego-resiliency and high ego-undercontrol. Maternal depression is associated with children's mental health problems.
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