Validation of an artificial intelligence solution for acute triage and rule-out normal of non-contrast CT head scans.

Purpose: Non-contrast CT head scans provide rapid and accurate diagnosis of acute head injury; however, increased utilisation of CT head scans makes it difficult to prioritise acutely unwell patients and places pressure on busy emergency departments (EDs). This study validates an AI algorithm to tri...

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Published in:Neuroradiology Vol. 64; no. 4; pp. 735 - 744
Main Authors: Dyer, Tom, Chawda, Sanjiv, Alkilani, Raed, Morgan, Tom Naunton, Hughes, Mike, Rasalingham, Simon
Format: diagnostic images research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: Springer Nature Apr2022
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      pub: Springer Nature
      place: New York, New York
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        10.1007/s00234-021-02826-4
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        atl: Validation of an artificial intelligence solution for acute triage and rule-out normal of non-contrast CT head scans.
      aug:
        au:
          Dyer, Tom
          Chawda, Sanjiv
          Alkilani, Raed
          Morgan, Tom Naunton
          Hughes, Mike
          Rasalingham, Simon
        affil: Behold.ai, 180 Borough high St, SE1 1LB, London, UK
      sug:
        subj:
          Head Injuries Radiography
          Intracranial Hemorrhage Radiography
          Cerebral Infarction Radiography
          Artificial Intelligence
          Algorithms Evaluation
          Triage
          Tomography, X-Ray Computed
          Neuroradiography
          Human
          Validation Studies
          Retrospective Design
          Record Review
          Emergency Patients
          United Kingdom
          United States
          India
          Multicenter Studies
          Sensitivity and Specificity
      ab: Purpose: Non-contrast CT head scans provide rapid and accurate diagnosis of acute head injury; however, increased utilisation of CT head scans makes it difficult to prioritise acutely unwell patients and places pressure on busy emergency departments (EDs). This study validates an AI algorithm to triage patients presenting with Intracranial Haemorrhage (ICH) or Acute Infarct whilst also identifying a subset of patients as Normal, with the potential to function as a rule-out test. Methods: In total, 390 CT head scans were collected from 3 institutions in the UK, US and India. Ground-truth labels were assigned by 3 FRCR consultant radiologists. AI performance, as well as the performance of 3 independent radiologists, was measured against ground-truth labels. Results: The algorithm showed AUC values of 0.988 (0.978–0.994), 0.933 (0.901–0.961) and 0.939 (0.919–0.958) for ICH, Acute Infarct and Normal, respectively. Sensitivity/specificity for ICH and Acute Infarct were 0.988/0.925 and 0.833/0.927, respectively, compared to 0.907/0.991 and 0.618/0.977 for radiologists. AI rule-out of Normal scans achieved 0.93% negative predictive value (NPV) for the removal of 54.3% of Normal cases, compared to 86.8% NPV for radiologists. Conclusion: We show our algorithm can provide effective triage of ICH and Acute Infarct to prioritise acutely unwell patients. AI can also benefit clinical accuracy, with the algorithm identifying 91.3% of radiologist false negatives for ICH and 69.1% for Acute Infarct. Rule-out of Normal scans has huge potential for workload management in busy EDs, in this case removing 27.4% of all scans with no acute findings missed.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        diagnostic images
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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