The Spirit of Labor: Spiritualism and the Industrial Novels of Elizabeth Gaskell and Elizabeth Stuart Phelps.

Although typically characterized as authors of social realism or social gospel fiction, respectively, Elizabeth Gaskell's and Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's nineteenth-century industrial novels defy traditional generic designations through their deployment of supernatural and spiritualist discourse to ot...

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Publicado en:Religion & the Arts Vol. 26; no. 1/2; pp. 112 - 136
Autor principal: Soares, Rebecca
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Brill Academic Publishers 2022
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: The Spirit of Labor: Spiritualism and the Industrial Novels of Elizabeth Gaskell and Elizabeth Stuart Phelps.
      aug:
        au: Soares, Rebecca
        affil: Arizona State University, USA, Tempe, AZ
      su:
        Spiritualism
        Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn, 1810-1865
        Phelps, Elizabeth Stuart, 1844-1911
        Social realism
        Ideology
      sug:
        subj:
          Spiritualism
          Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn, 1810-1865
          Phelps, Elizabeth Stuart, 1844-1911
          Social realism
          Ideology
      keyword:
        Elizabeth Gaskell
        Elizabeth Stuart Phelps
        industrial fiction
        spiritualism
      ab: Although typically characterized as authors of social realism or social gospel fiction, respectively, Elizabeth Gaskell's and Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's nineteenth-century industrial novels defy traditional generic designations through their deployment of supernatural and spiritualist discourse to otherwise decidedly earthly and material subjects. Creating a genre that I call spiritual realism, these writers infused realist narratives with the spiritual motifs and images that colored the social and religious ideology of the nineteenth century in order to represent both the material and immaterial realities of their everyday experience. This new spiritual realism allowed writers to depict the nebulous, transitory, and incomprehensible aspects of their everyday reality in an increasingly modern, industrial, and transnational world. In order to establish the centrality of spiritual realism to our understanding of nineteenth-century industrial fiction, this essay examines Elizabeth Gaskell's North and South (1855) and Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's The Silent Partner (1871), emphasizing each author's deployment of spiritualism to interrogate the morality of industrialization and the treatment of workers.
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