Explainable AI to improve acceptance of convolutional neural networks for automatic classification of dopamine transporter SPECT in the diagnosis of clinically uncertain parkinsonian syndromes.

Purpose: Deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) provide high accuracy for automatic classification of dopamine transporter (DAT) SPECT images. However, CNN are inherently black-box in nature lacking any kind of explanation for their decisions. This limits their acceptance for clinical use. This st...

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Publicado en:European Journal of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Vol. 49; no. 4; pp. 1176 - 1187
Autores principales: Nazari, Mahmood, Kluge, Andreas, Apostolova, Ivayla, Klutmann, Susanne, Kimiaei, Sharok, Schroeder, Michael, Buchert, Ralph
Formato: Journal Article
Publicado: Springer Nature Mar2022
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Mar2022
      vid: 49
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      pub: Springer Nature
      place: New York, New York
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        10.1007/s00259-021-05569-9
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        atl: Explainable AI to improve acceptance of convolutional neural networks for automatic classification of dopamine transporter SPECT in the diagnosis of clinically uncertain parkinsonian syndromes.
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          Nazari, Mahmood
          Kluge, Andreas
          Apostolova, Ivayla
          Klutmann, Susanne
          Kimiaei, Sharok
          Schroeder, Michael
          Buchert, Ralph
        affil: Faculty of Computer Science and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technical University Dresden, BiotechDresden, Germany
      sug:
      ab: Purpose: Deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) provide high accuracy for automatic classification of dopamine transporter (DAT) SPECT images. However, CNN are inherently black-box in nature lacking any kind of explanation for their decisions. This limits their acceptance for clinical use. This study tested layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) to explain CNN-based classification of DAT-SPECT in patients with clinically uncertain parkinsonian syndromes. Methods: The study retrospectively included 1296 clinical DAT-SPECT with visual binary interpretation as "normal" or "reduced" by two experienced readers as standard-of-truth. A custom-made CNN was trained with 1008 randomly selected DAT-SPECT. The remaining 288 DAT-SPECT were used to assess classification performance of the CNN and to test LRP for explanation of the CNN-based classification. Results: Overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the CNN were 95.8%, 92.8%, and 98.7%, respectively. LRP provided relevance maps that were easy to interpret in each individual DAT-SPECT. In particular, the putamen in the hemisphere most affected by nigrostriatal degeneration was the most relevant brain region for CNN-based classification in all reduced DAT-SPECT. Some misclassified DAT-SPECT showed an "inconsistent" relevance map more typical for the true class label. Conclusion: LRP is useful to provide explanation of CNN-based decisions in individual DAT-SPECT and, therefore, can be recommended to support CNN-based classification of DAT-SPECT in clinical routine. Total computation time of 3 s is compatible with busy clinical workflow. The utility of "inconsistent" relevance maps to identify misclassified cases requires further investigation.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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