Domain Shifts in Machine Learning Based Covid-19 Diagnosis From Blood Tests.

Many previous studies claim to have developed machine learning models that diagnose COVID-19 from blood tests. However, we hypothesize that changes in the underlying distribution of the data, so called domain shifts, affect the predictive performance and reliability and are a reason for the failure...

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Publicado en:Journal of Medical Systems Vol. 46; no. 5; pp. 1 - 13
Autores principales: Roland, Theresa, Böck, Carl, Tschoellitsch, Thomas, Maletzky, Alexander, Hochreiter, Sepp, Meier, Jens, Klambauer, Günter
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Springer Nature May2022
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: May2022
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      pub: Springer Nature
      place: New York, New York
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        10.1007/s10916-022-01807-1
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        atl: Domain Shifts in Machine Learning Based Covid-19 Diagnosis From Blood Tests.
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        au:
          Roland, Theresa
          Böck, Carl
          Tschoellitsch, Thomas
          Maletzky, Alexander
          Hochreiter, Sepp
          Meier, Jens
          Klambauer, Günter
        affil: ELLIS Unit Linz, LIT AI Lab, Institute for Machine Learning, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
      sug:
        subj:
          Machine Learning
          COVID-19 Diagnosis
          Hematologic Tests
          COVID-19 Mortality
          Human
          Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
          COVID-19 Testing
          Mutation
          Risk Assessment
      ab: Many previous studies claim to have developed machine learning models that diagnose COVID-19 from blood tests. However, we hypothesize that changes in the underlying distribution of the data, so called domain shifts, affect the predictive performance and reliability and are a reason for the failure of such machine learning models in clinical application. Domain shifts can be caused, e.g., by changes in the disease prevalence (spreading or tested population), by refined RT-PCR testing procedures (way of taking samples, laboratory procedures), or by virus mutations. Therefore, machine learning models for diagnosing COVID-19 or other diseases may not be reliable and degrade in performance over time. We investigate whether domain shifts are present in COVID-19 datasets and how they affect machine learning methods. We further set out to estimate the mortality risk based on routinely acquired blood tests in a hospital setting throughout pandemics and under domain shifts. We reveal domain shifts by evaluating the models on a large-scale dataset with different assessment strategies, such as temporal validation. We present the novel finding that domain shifts strongly affect machine learning models for COVID-19 diagnosis and deteriorate their predictive performance and credibility. Therefore, frequent re-training and re-assessment are indispensable for robust models enabling clinical utility.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
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      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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