| Summary: | 98 Price, N 2015, ' From Ginnungagap to the Ragnarök: archaeologies of the Viking worlds ', in U Pedersen, M Moen, I Axelsen et al (eds), Viking Worlds: Things, Spaces and Movement, Oxford: Oxbow, 1 - 10. 99 Price, N 2019, The Viking Way: Magic and Mind in Late Iron Age Scandinavia, Oxford/Philadelphia: Oxbow. THE PETRIFIED BOOK - THE JELLING STONE The impact of both insular and continental manuscripts on Viking society and art has been discussed previously; for example, the arrangement and the iconography of the carvings on the Bamberg Casket (Germany) have been understood as a reflection and interpretation of Christian thinking, as expressed in the Gospels.[39] However, without any doubt the best example of the impact of books on Viking art is found in king Harald Bluetooth's rune stone, raised at Jelling in c 965 (Fig 3). The majority of both populations were probably illiterate or at least semi-literate and no watertight compartments confined to either oral and literacy existed.[121] Even in the post-Viking Age, an oral-written continuum prevailed.[122] The eventual success of Christianity in Scandinavia and its form of literacy in the Viking world can be described as a contributing factor to the destruction of Viking orality and spirituality, but it was also merged with and added to existing belief systems.
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