Virtual reality enhances safety training in the maritime industry: An organizational training experiment with a non‐WEIRD sample.

Objective: Many industries struggle with training dynamic risk assessment, and how to bridge the gap between safety training and behavior in real life scenarios. In this article, we focus on dynamic risk assessment during a mooring operation and investigate the potential value of using immersive vir...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of Computer Assisted Learning Vol. 38; no. 4; pp. 1127 - 1141
Main Authors: Makransky, Guido, Klingenberg, Sara
Format: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: Wiley-Blackwell Aug2022
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
fields @attributes:
  recordID: 1
pdfLink:
plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=157845811&site=ehost-live
header:
  @attributes:
    shortDbName: ccm
    uiTerm: 157845811
    longDbName: CINAHL Complete
    uiTag: AN
  controlInfo:
    bkinfo:
    dissinfo:
    jinfo:
      jid:
        02664909
        6M1
      jtl: Journal of Computer Assisted Learning
      issn: 02664909
      maglogo: Y
    pubinfo:
      dt: Aug2022
      vid: 38
      iid: 4
      pid: 480
      pub: Wiley-Blackwell
      place: Malden, Massachusetts
    artinfo:
      ui:
        157845811
        155987691
        157845811
        157845811
        10.1111/jcal.12670
        157845811
      ppf: 1127
      ppct: 14
      formats:
      tig:
        atl: Virtual reality enhances safety training in the maritime industry: An organizational training experiment with a non‐WEIRD sample.
      aug:
        au:
          Makransky, Guido
          Klingenberg, Sara
        affil: Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
      sug:
        subj:
          Ships Education
          Virtual Reality
          Industry
          Occupational Safety Education
          Risk Assessment
          Simulations
          International Agencies
          Occupational-Related Injuries Risk Factors
          Human
          Pilot Studies
          Comparative Studies
          Male
          Female
          Vocational Education
          Adolescence
          Adult
          Descriptive Statistics
          Pretest-Posttest Design
          Kiribati
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Objective: Many industries struggle with training dynamic risk assessment, and how to bridge the gap between safety training and behavior in real life scenarios. In this article, we focus on dynamic risk assessment during a mooring operation and investigate the potential value of using immersive virtual reality (VR) simulations compared to standard training procedures in an international maritime training organization. Methods: In a pilot study, we compared two ways of implementing a VR simulation (stand‐alone or with post‐simulation reflection) to a manual and a personal trainer condition in a between‐subjects design with 86 students in a maritime school. Based on the results we compared the stand‐alone VR simulation to the personal trainer condition in a between‐subjects design in a non‐Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) sample of 28 seafarers from the Kiribati Islands at an international maritime training organization. Results: The VR simulation group reported significantly higher perceived enjoyment (d = 1.28), intrinsic motivation (d = 0.96), perceived learning (d = 0.90), and behavioral change (d = 0.88), and significantly lower extraneous cognitive load (d = 0.82) compared to the personal trainer group, but the differences in self‐efficacy, and safety attitudes were not significant. Discussion: The results support the value of using VR to train procedures that are difficult to train in the real world and suggest that VR technologies can be useful for providing just in time training anywhere, anytime, in a global market where employees are increasingly cross‐cultural and dislocated. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic: Recent meta‐analyses have found a small effect size benefit to using immersive virtual reality (IVR) learning interventions compared to than less‐immersive learning approaches.Recent reviews call for more IVR‐based research that is integrated within actual learning and training interventions.Furthermore, as with most other fields, it is common to use Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) samples for IVR educational and training research purposes. What this paper adds: Evidence that an IVR training intervention can be successfully used in an international maritime training programme with employees from an understudied non‐Western population on UN's list of the 50 least developed countries.The finding that IVR‐based safety training on the topic of dynamic risk assessment during a mooring operation resulted in significantly higher levels of enjoyment, motivation, perceived learning and behavioural change intentions and significantly lower extraneous cognitive load compared to personal trainer instruction.The finding that IVR safety simulation with embedded reflection performed just as well as when an extra post‐simulation exercise was added to the training intervention. Implications for practice and/or policy: Organizations can benefit from using IVR‐based safety training methods to increase engagement in dynamic risk assessment.IVR technology can be used broadly with employees from developing countries who have a low level of technology literacy.IVR simulations are effective when they are designed based on state of the art instructional design research and are integrated appropriately into a more general training framework.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
    refInfo:
    holdings:
      @attributes:
        islocal: N