Effects of Social Context on Deliberate Facial Expressions: Evidence from a Stroop-like Task.

Facial expressions contribute to nonverbal communication, social coordination, and interaction. Facial expressions may reflect the emotional state of the expressor, but they may be modulated by the presence of others, for example, by facial mimicry or through social display rules. We examined how de...

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Publicado en:Journal of Nonverbal Behavior Vol. 46; no. 3; pp. 247 - 268
Autores principales: Katembu, Stephen, Xu, Qiang, Rostami, Hadiseh Nowparast, Recio, Guillermo, Sommer, Werner
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Springer Nature Sep2022
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      pub: Springer Nature
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        10.1007/s10919-022-00400-x
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        atl: Effects of Social Context on Deliberate Facial Expressions: Evidence from a Stroop-like Task.
      aug:
        au:
          Katembu, Stephen
          Xu, Qiang
          Rostami, Hadiseh Nowparast
          Recio, Guillermo
          Sommer, Werner
        affil:
          Institut Für Psychologie, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 18, 12489, Berlin, Germany
          Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
          Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
      su:
        Nonverbal communication
        Happiness
        Facial expression
        Qualitative research
        Interpersonal relations
        Social skills
        Anger
        Emotions
        Neuropsychological tests
        Visual perception
        Concepts
      sug:
        subj:
          Nonverbal communication
          Happiness
          Facial expression
          Qualitative research
          Interpersonal relations
          Social skills
          Anger
          Emotions
          Neuropsychological tests
          Visual perception
          Concepts
      keyword:
        Cognitive control
        Deliberate facial expression
        Infant faces
        Mimicry
        Stroop effect
        Cognitive control
        Deliberate facial expression
        Infant faces
        Mimicry
        Stroop effect
      ab: Facial expressions contribute to nonverbal communication, social coordination, and interaction. Facial expressions may reflect the emotional state of the expressor, but they may be modulated by the presence of others, for example, by facial mimicry or through social display rules. We examined how deliberate facial expressions of happiness and anger (smiles and frowns), prompted by written commands, are modulated by the congruency with the facial expression of background faces and how this effect depends on the age of the background face (infants vs. adults). Our main interest was whether the quality of the required expression could be influenced by a task-irrelevant background face and its emotional display. Background faces from adults and infants displayed happy, angry, or neutral expressions. To assess the activation pattern of different action units, we used a machine classifier software; the same classifier was used to assess the chronometry of the expression responses. Results indicated slower and less correct performance when an incongruent facial expression was in the background, especially when distractor stimuli showed adult faces. Interestingly, smile responses were more intense in congruent than incongruent conditions. Depending on stimulus age, frown responses were affected in their quality by incongruent (smile) expressions in terms of the additional activation or deactivation of the outer brow raiser (AU2), resulting in a blended expression, somewhat different from the prototypical expression for anger. Together, the present results show qualitative effects on deliberate facial expressions, beyond typical chronometric effects, confirming machine classification of facial expressions as a promising tool for emotion research.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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