Climate impact or policy choice? The spatiotemporality of thermoregulation and border crosser mortality in southern Arizona.

US public officials frequently argue that high temperatures are responsible for increasing mortality of undocumented border crossers (UBCs) in southern Arizona. In this article, we suggest that these kinds of assertions are not only empirically misleading, they also serve to naturalise UBC deaths in...

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Published in:Geographical Journal Vol. 188; no. 3; pp. 401 - 415
Main Authors: Chambers, Samuel N., Boyce, Geoff, Martínez, Daniel E.
Format: Article
Published: Wiley-Blackwell Sep2022
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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        atl: Climate impact or policy choice? The spatiotemporality of thermoregulation and border crosser mortality in southern Arizona.
      aug:
        au:
          Chambers, Samuel N.
          Boyce, Geoff
          Martínez, Daniel E.
        affil:
          Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson Arizona,, USA
          Border Studies Program, Earlham College, Tucson Arizona,, USA
          School of Sociology, The University of Arizona, Tucson Arizona,, USA
      su:
        Arizona
        Mexico
        Border patrols
        Mortality
        Government policy on climate change
        Body temperature regulation
        Archaeological human remains
        Bird migration
      sug:
        subj:
          Border patrols
          Mortality
          Arizona
          Mexico
          Government policy on climate change
          Body temperature regulation
          Archaeological human remains
          Bird migration
      keyword:
        boundary enforcement
        deterrence
        mortality
        remote sensing
        structural violence
        US–Mexico border
        boundary enforcement
        deterrence
        mortality
        remote sensing
        structural violence
        US–Mexico border
      ab: US public officials frequently argue that high temperatures are responsible for increasing mortality of undocumented border crossers (UBCs) in southern Arizona. In this article, we suggest that these kinds of assertions are not only empirically misleading, they also serve to naturalise UBC deaths in the region by helping to obscure their structural causes. Indeed, although heat exposure is a primary cause of death in the region, prior studies have also shown that migration patterns have shifted toward more remote and rugged terrain, characterised by higher elevations and greater shade cover. Using physiological modelling and a spatiotemporal forensic analysis, we assess whether the distribution of recovered human remains has shifted toward locations characterised by environments where the human body is more or less capable of regulating core temperature, and thus succumbing to heat stress. We find that the distribution of recovered UBC remains has consistently trended toward locations where the potential for heat stress is lower, rather than higher. This demonstrates that UBC mortality is not principally a function of ambient or regional temperature, but rather is a result of specific policy decisions that lead to cumulative stress and prolonged exposure due to factors like difficulty and distance of travel. To contextualise these findings, we discuss the evolution of the US Border Patrol's policy of Prevention Through Deterrence, and apply the concepts of structural and cultural violence to theorize its consistently deadly outcomes.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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