| Sumario: | In the past decades, there has been a growing production of scholarly literature devoted to understanding the rise of the Hindu nationalist movement in India, particularly emphasizing its invocation of a monolithic past to consolidate the idea of India as a Hindu nation. Subramaniam calls this "bionationalism" to describe the transition of a traditional ethnic nationalism into one in which its core ideas are scientized using biopolitical claims. On the one hand, it allows for the claim of the long-term existence of scientific thought in ancient India and, simultaneously, retention of gender and caste hierarchies in its embrace of a new modernity.
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