Factors Predicting Mental Effort Associated With Verbal Fluency: Cue Types, Switching, and Fear of Negative Evaluation.

Purpose: Verbal fluency, a task frequently employed in neuropsychological assessment, provides important word productivity data but little information about subjective effort associated with demand monitoring and resource allocation. In two experiments, this study investigated the effects of task va...

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Publicado en:Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research Vol. 65; no. 9; pp. 3491 - 3502
Autores principales: Lam, Boji P. W., Marquardt, Thomas P.
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Sep2022
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Sep2022
      vid: 65
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      pub: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
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        10.1044/2022_JSLHR-21-00563
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        atl: Factors Predicting Mental Effort Associated With Verbal Fluency: Cue Types, Switching, and Fear of Negative Evaluation.
      aug:
        au:
          Lam, Boji P. W.
          Marquardt, Thomas P.
        affil:
          Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of North Texas, Denton
          Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin
      su:
        Task performance
        Fear
        Psychological tests
        Stuttering
        Computer software
        State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
        Research
        Phonological awareness
        Research evaluation
        Statistical reliability
        Mathematical variables
        Verbal behavior
        Latent semantic analysis
        Scale analysis (Psychology)
        Chi-squared test
        Descriptive statistics
        Questionnaires
        Short-term memory
        Statistical correlation
        Prompts (Psychology)
      sug:
        subj:
          Task performance
          Fear
          Psychological tests
          Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers
          Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers
          Computer and software stores
          Software publishers (except video game publishers)
          Stuttering
          Computer software
          State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
          Research
          Phonological awareness
          Research evaluation
          Statistical reliability
          Mathematical variables
          Verbal behavior
          Latent semantic analysis
          Scale analysis (Psychology)
          Chi-squared test
          Descriptive statistics
          Questionnaires
          Short-term memory
          Statistical correlation
          Prompts (Psychology)
      ab: Purpose: Verbal fluency, a task frequently employed in neuropsychological assessment, provides important word productivity data but little information about subjective effort associated with demand monitoring and resource allocation. In two experiments, this study investigated the effects of task variables (semantic vs. phonemic cues; alternating vs. nonalternating conditions) and personal factors (fear of negative evaluation and trait anxiety) on subjective effort for a wide variety of verbal fluency tasks in neurotypical individuals. Method: Twenty-one adults completed eight verbal fluency tasks in Experiment 1. The tasks were selected to examine effort reported for verbal fluency that differed in (a) cue types and (b) the disruptions of clustering strategies. In Experiment 2, a separate group of 50 adults completed two verbal fluency tasks twice in separate sessions. Participants also completed social-emotional measures including fear of negative evaluation and trait anxiety. Working memory was assessed as a control variable. Results: Experiment 1 showed greater effort for completing semantic than phonemic cue tasks and greater effort for alternating than nonalternating conditions. Alternating semantic verbal fluency yielded the greatest effort among all tasks. Differences in effort could not be accounted for by performance alone. Experiment 2 showed that greater fear toward negative evaluation was associated with greater effort. The relationship between fear and effort was not related to trait anxiety or moderated by performance levels or repeated testing. Conclusions: Knowledge about factors that impact subjective effort in neurotypical individuals is fundamental to accurate interpretation of effort reported by clinical populations. This study demonstrated the multifaceted nature of subjective effort that could not be accounted for by performance alone. In addition to task variables, effort assessment needs to consider the impact of social-emotional factors such as fear toward negative evaluation.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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