Where There Is Unity, Order Results: Manufacturers' Labels and the Creation of Standards in the Late Warring States Period.

This article explores how and why standardization practices emerged and evolved in a particular domain of state administration in China in the late Warring States period, namely, the inscription of manufacturers' labels on bronze weapons produced in state-run workshops. By analyzing bronze weapons p...

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Publicado en:T'oung Pao Vol. 108; no. 3/4; pp. 319 - 369
Autor principal: Škrabal, Ondřej
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Brill Academic Publishers 2022
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: Where There Is Unity, Order Results: Manufacturers' Labels and the Creation of Standards in the Late Warring States Period.
      aug:
        au: Škrabal, Ondřej
        affil: University of Hamburg, Germany, Hamburg
      su:
        Standardization
        Inscriptions
        Weapons
        Labels
        Consumer protection
      sug:
        subj:
          Standardization
          Inscriptions
          Weapons
          Labels
          Consumer protection
      keyword:
        accounting
        administration
        manufacturers' labels
        quality control
        standardization
        state of Hán
        Warring States
      ab: This article explores how and why standardization practices emerged and evolved in a particular domain of state administration in China in the late Warring States period, namely, the inscription of manufacturers' labels on bronze weapons produced in state-run workshops. By analyzing bronze weapons produced in the state of Hán in the third century BCE, the study highlights the evolution of standards via gradual refinement rather than abrupt innovation, the interplay of central and regional governments and workshops in the reformulation of standards, and trailblazing micro-management in the major production center in the Hán capital of Zheng. The standardization efforts in Hán help us better understand the developments in administration at the very end of the Warring States period and provide a new context for the famous standardizations introduced after the Qin unification of China in 221 BCE. Résumé: Cet article explore comment et pourquoi les pratiques de normalisation sont apparues et se sont développées dans un domaine particulier de l'administration de l'État en Chine à la fin de la période des Royaumes combattants, à savoir l'inscription des marques des fabricants sur les armes en bronze produites dans les ateliers officiels. En analysant les armes en bronze produites dans l'État de Hán au III siècle avant notre ère, il met en évidence une évolution des normes par une amélioration progressive plutôt que par une innovation abrupte, par une interaction entre les gouvernements centraux et régionaux et les ateliers dans la reformulation des normes, ainsi que par une microgestion pionnière dans le principal centre de production de Zheng, la capitale de Hán. Les efforts de normalisation de l'État de Hán nous aident à mieux comprendre l'évolution de l'administration à la toute fin de la période des Royaumes combattants et fournissent un nouveau contexte pour appréhender les célèbres normalisations introduites après l'unification de la Chine par les Qin en 221 avant notre ère. 摘要: 本文以公營作坊生產的青銅兵器所鑄刻的厂標爲焦點,考察標準化的實踐如何以及為何在戰國晚期中國的一個具體行政領域內發生及發展。通過分析韓國於公元前三世紀所製造的青銅兵器,本文著重突出以下三項觀察:標準經由逐步改進而非陡然創新的演變過程、標準改良過程中中央政府與作坊同地方政府與作坊之間的互相作用、位於韓國國都鄭的主要製造中心所施行的開創性細分管理。對韓國標準化實踐的研究幫助我們更好地理解戰國末期國家行政的發展軌跡,同時也為公元前221年秦國大一統後的著名"一法度衡石丈尺,車同軌,書同文字"等標準化措施提供一個新的背景。
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
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    language: English
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