Visual word recognition among oldest old people: The effect of age and cognitive load.

During the fourth age, a marked physiological deterioration and critical points of dysfunction are observed, during which cognitive performance exhibits a marked decline in certain skills (fluid intelligence) but good performance of others (crystallized intelligence). Experimental evidence describes...

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Publicado en:Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience Vol. 14; pp. 1 - 16
Autores principales: Rojas, Carlos, Riffo, Bernardo, Guerra, Ernesto
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 9/30/2022
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      jtl: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
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      dt: 9/30/2022
      vid: 14
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      pub: Frontiers Media S.A.
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        10.3389/fnagi.2022.1007048
        159671411
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        atl: Visual word recognition among oldest old people: The effect of age and cognitive load.
      aug:
        au:
          Rojas, Carlos
          Riffo, Bernardo
          Guerra, Ernesto
        affil: Department of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile.
      sug:
        subj:
          Cognition Evaluation
          Task Performance and Analysis
          Visual Perception
          Word Lists
          Human
          Female
          Male
          Middle Age
          Aged
          Experimental Studies
          Reaction Time
          Validity
          Language Processing
          Linear Regression
          Descriptive Statistics
          Funding Source
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Aged: 65+ years
          Female
          Male
      ab: During the fourth age, a marked physiological deterioration and critical points of dysfunction are observed, during which cognitive performance exhibits a marked decline in certain skills (fluid intelligence) but good performance of others (crystallized intelligence). Experimental evidence describes important constraints on word production during old age, accompanied by a relative stabilization of speech comprehension. However, cognitive changes associated with advanced aging could also affect comprehension, particularly word recognition. The present study examines how the visual recognition of words is affected during the fourth age when tasks involving different cognitive loads are applied. Through linear regression models, performance was compared between two third-age groups and a fourth-age group on reaction time (RT) and accuracy in naming, priming and lexical decision experiments. The fourth-age group showed a significant RT increase in all experiments. In contrast, accuracy was good when the task involved a low cognitive demand (Experiments 1 and 2); however, when a decisional cognitive factor was included (Experiment 3), the fourth-age group performed significantly worse than the younger third-age group. We argue that the behavior observed among fourth-age individuals is consistent with an unbalanced cognitive configuration, in which the fluid intelligence deficit significantly reduces the speed necessary to recognize words, independent of the cognitive load associated with the test. In contrast, the maintenance in crystallized intelligence improves the accuracy of the process, strengthening linguistic functionality in the advanced stages of old age.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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