Respiratory effects of oral mitragynine and oxycodone in a rodent model.
Rationale: Kratom derives from Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.), a tropical tree in the genus Mitragyna (Rubiaceae) that also includes the coffee tree. Kratom leaf powders, tea-like decoctions, and commercial extracts are taken orally, primarily for health and well-being by millions of people globally. O...
| Publicado en: | Psychopharmacology Vol. 239; no. 12; pp. 3793 - 3805 |
|---|---|
| Autores principales: | , , , |
| Formato: | Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
Springer Nature
Dec2022
|
| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=160294501&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 160294501 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 00333158 EJD jtl: Psychopharmacology issn: 00333158 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Dec2022 vid: 239 iid: 12 pid: 237 pub: Springer Nature place: New York, New York artinfo: ui: 160294501 10.1007/s00213-022-06244-z 160294501 ppf: 3793 ppct: 12 formats: fmt: – @attributes: type: T – @attributes: type: P tig: atl: Respiratory effects of oral mitragynine and oxycodone in a rodent model. aug: au: Henningfield, Jack E. Rodricks, Joseph V. Magnuson, Aaron M. Huestis, Marilyn A. affil: PinneyAssociates, 4800 Montgomery Lane, Suite 400, 20814, Bethesda, MD, USA sug: ab: Rationale: Kratom derives from Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.), a tropical tree in the genus Mitragyna (Rubiaceae) that also includes the coffee tree. Kratom leaf powders, tea-like decoctions, and commercial extracts are taken orally, primarily for health and well-being by millions of people globally. Others take kratom to eliminate opioid use for analgesia and manage opioid withdrawal and use disorder. There is debate over the possible respiratory depressant overdose risk of the primary active alkaloid, mitragynine, a partial μ-opioid receptor agonist, that does not signal through ß-arrestin, the primary opioid respiratory depressant pathway. Objectives: Compare the respiratory effects of oral mitragynine to oral oxycodone in rats with the study design previously published by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) scientists for evaluating the respiratory effects of opioids (Xu et al., Toxicol Rep 7:188–197, 2020). Methods: Blood gases, observable signs, and mitragynine pharmacokinetics were assessed for 12 h after 20, 40, 80, 240, and 400 mg/kg oral mitragynine isolate and 6.75, 60, and 150 mg/kg oral oxycodone hydrochloride. Findings: Oxycodone administration produced significant dose-related respiratory depressant effects and pronounced sedation with one death each at 60 and 150 mg/kg. Mitragynine did not yield significant dose-related respiratory depressant or life-threatening effects. Sedative-like effects, milder than produced by oxycodone, were evident at the highest mitragynine dose. Maximum oxycodone and mitragynine plasma concentrations were dose related. Conclusions: Consistent with mitragynine's pharmacology that includes partial µ-opioid receptor agonism with little recruitment of the respiratory depressant activating β-arrestin pathway, mitragynine produced no evidence of respiratory depression at doses many times higher than known to be taken by humans. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
|---|