Why are you talking to yourself? The epistemic role of inner speech in reasoning.

People frequently report that, at times, their thought has a vocal character. Thinking commonly appears to be accompanied or constituted by silently 'talking' to oneself in inner speech. In this paper, we explore the specifically epistemic role of inner speech in conscious reasoning. A plausible pos...

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Published in:Nous (0029-4624) Vol. 56; no. 4; pp. 841 - 867
Main Author: Munroe, Wade
Format: Article
Published: Wiley-Blackwell Dec2022
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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        affil: Department of Philosophy and the Weinberg Institute for Cognitive Science, University of Michigan
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        Figures of speech
        Self-talk
        Speech
        Counterfactuals (Logic)
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          Speech
          Counterfactuals (Logic)
      ab: People frequently report that, at times, their thought has a vocal character. Thinking commonly appears to be accompanied or constituted by silently 'talking' to oneself in inner speech. In this paper, we explore the specifically epistemic role of inner speech in conscious reasoning. A plausible position—but one I argue is ultimately wrong—is that inner speech plays a solely facilitative role that is exhausted by (i) serving as the vehicle of representation for conscious reasoning, and/or (ii) allowing one to focus on certain types of objects or relations, e.g., causal relations, abstracta, counterfactuals, etc., or to consciously entertain structured propositional contents that it would be hard (or impossible) to focus on or entertain with representations in other (e.g., imagistic) formats. According to this position, inner speech doesn't figure as a justificatory element in our reasoning or as the partial epistemic basis of our conclusions—it merely facilitates reasoning through (i) and/or (ii). In contrast to the view that inner speech is a mere facilitator, I establish that (outside of potentially playing roles (i) and/or (ii)) the language we use itself serves as a crucial source of information in reasoning. In other words, we reason from propositions about the language we use in inner speech as opposed to exclusively reasoning from the semantic contents of the speech. My conclusion follows from how we use language as a cognitive tool to keep track of information, e.g., the contents of premises, lemmas, previous reasoning results, etc., in reasoning.
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