| Sumario: | Purpose There are numerous microorganisms dwelling on various parts of our body. The community of those microorganisms has been called microbiome, regarded as our "second genome". Since birth, microbiome composition changes through lifespan and influences host human physiology. In older adults, an imbalance of the gut microbiome has been reported to initiate harmful inflammation (Ragonnaud and Biragyn, 2021). There have been increasing amounts of evidence that dysbiotic microbiome could lead to neurodegenerative diseases. In Alzheimer's disease cases, treatment with prebiotic supplements improved AD-like symptoms and shifted the levels of associated biomarkers (Arora et al, 2020). In this presented study, we initiated the in-depth shotgun metagenome study with GARD elderly cohort data. We aim to specify causal microbiome strain associated with AD onset, subsequent screening kit development, and to invent AD-preventing probiotics. Method We gather oral, gingival, and fecal samples from 300 participants from the GARD cohort. Obtained samples go through shotgun metagenome sequencing, a way to identify microbiome composition in each sample environment. From those metagenome sequence data, we pinpoint AD-risk oral microbe and test the effectiveness of probiotic supplements. Results and discussion Based on in-depth microbiome profiling of shotgun metagenomic data, we identified drastic changes in oral, gingival, and fecal microbiome in patients with Alzheimer's diseases. In addition, these changes are initiated from the asymptomatic stages of AD patients, thereby observing the possibility of diagnosis of AD early on-set, just using fecal and saliva sampling. We also applied machine learning model to develop a prediction model of AD progression, which would help the early diagnosis of AD patients without invasive measurement of brain functions.
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