The Impact of COVID-19 Traumatic Stressors on Mental Health: Is COVID-19 a New Trauma Type.

COVID-19 is a new type of trauma that has never been conceptually or empirically analyzed in our discipline. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 as traumatic stress on mental health after controlling for individuals' previous stressors and traumas. We utilized a sample of (N = 137...

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Published in:International Journal of Mental Health & Addiction Vol. 21; no. 1; pp. 51 - 71
Main Authors: Kira, Ibrahim A., Shuwiekh, Hanaa A.M., Ashby, Jeffrey S., Elwakeel, Sayed Ahmed, Alhuwailah, Amthal, Sous, Mariam Sous Fahmy, Baali, Shadia Bint Ali, Azdaou, Chafika, Oliemat, Enas. M., Jamil, Hikmet J.
Format: Article
Published: Springer Nature Feb2023
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Feb2023
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      pub: Springer Nature
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        10.1007/s11469-021-00577-0
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        atl: The Impact of COVID-19 Traumatic Stressors on Mental Health: Is COVID-19 a New Trauma Type.
      aug:
        au:
          Kira, Ibrahim A.
          Shuwiekh, Hanaa A.M.
          Ashby, Jeffrey S.
          Elwakeel, Sayed Ahmed
          Alhuwailah, Amthal
          Sous, Mariam Sous Fahmy
          Baali, Shadia Bint Ali
          Azdaou, Chafika
          Oliemat, Enas. M.
          Jamil, Hikmet J.
        affil:
          Center for Cumulative Trauma Studies, Stone Mountain, GA, & Affiliate of Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, 4906 Woodhurst Way, 30088, Stone Mountain Atlanta, GA, USA
          Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
          Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
          Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
          South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
          Psychological Compatibility Center for Psychological Counseling, Riad, Saudi Arabia
          University of Algiers, Algiers, Algeria
          Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
          Department of Family Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
      su:
        Post-traumatic stress disorder
        Mental health
        Psychological stress
        COVID-19
        Structural equation modeling
        Independent variables
      sug:
        subj:
          Post-traumatic stress disorder
          Mental health
          Psychological stress
          Offices of Mental Health Practitioners (except Physicians)
          COVID-19
          Structural equation modeling
          Independent variables
      keyword:
        Continuous traumatic stress
        Depression
        PTSD
        Type III trauma
        Continuous traumatic stress
        Depression
        PTSD
        Type III trauma
      ab: COVID-19 is a new type of trauma that has never been conceptually or empirically analyzed in our discipline. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 as traumatic stress on mental health after controlling for individuals' previous stressors and traumas. We utilized a sample of (N = 1374) adults from seven Arab countries. We used an anonymous online questionnaire that included measures for COVID-19 traumatic stress, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and cumulative stressors and traumas. We conducted hierarchical multiple regression, with posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety as dependent variables. In the first step, in each analysis, we entered the country, gender, age, religion, education, and income as independent variables (Kira, Traumatology 7(2):73–86, 2001; Kira, Torture, 14:38–44, 2004; Kira, Traumatology, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1037/trm0000305). In the second step, we entered cumulative stressors and traumas as an independent variable. In the third step, we entered either COVID-19 traumatic stressors or one of its subtypes (fears of infection, economic, and lockdown) as an independent variable. Finally, we conducted structural equation modeling with PTSD, depression, and anxiety as predictors of the latent variable mental health and COVID-19 as the independent variable. Results indicated that COVID-19 traumatic stressors, and each of its three subtypes, were unique predictors of PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Thus, COVID-19 is a new type of traumatic stress that has serious mental health effects.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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