Parental rejection in early adolescence predicts a persistent ADHD symptom trajectory across adolescence.
Despite a general decrease of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms during adolescence, these may persist in some individuals but not in others. Prior cross-sectional studies have shown that parenting style and their interaction with candidate genes are associated with ADHD sympto...
| Published in: | European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Vol. 32; no. 1; pp. 139 - 154 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
| Format: | research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Published: |
Springer Nature
Jan2023
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| Online Access: | View this record in EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=161768894&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 161768894 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 10188827 EJ3 jtl: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry issn: 10188827 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Jan2023 vid: 32 iid: 1 pid: 237 pub: Springer Nature place: New York, New York artinfo: ui: 161768894 151426023 161768894 161768894 10.1007/s00787-021-01844-0 161768894 ppf: 139 ppct: 15 formats: fmt: – @attributes: type: T – @attributes: type: P tig: atl: Parental rejection in early adolescence predicts a persistent ADHD symptom trajectory across adolescence. aug: au: Brinksma, Djûke M. Hoekstra, Pieter J. de Bildt, Annelies Buitelaar, Jan K. van den Hoofdakker, Barbara J. Hartman, Catharina A. Dietrich, Andrea affil: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Lübeckweg 2, NL-9723 HE, Groningen, The Netherlands sug: subj: Parent-Child Relations Parenting Genotype Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Risk Factors Risk Assessment Human Odds Ratio Child Adolescence Male Female Child: 6-12 years Adolescent: 13-18 years Male Female ab: Despite a general decrease of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms during adolescence, these may persist in some individuals but not in others. Prior cross-sectional studies have shown that parenting style and their interaction with candidate genes are associated with ADHD symptoms. However, there is a lack of longitudinal research examining the independent and interactive effects of parenting and plasticity genes in predicting the course of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms across adolescence. Here, we investigated how children perceived their parents' parenting style (i.e., rejection, overprotection, and emotional warmth) at the age of 11, and their interaction with DRD4,MAOA, and 5-HTTLPR genotypes on parent-reported ADHD symptoms at three time points (mean ages 11.1, 13.4, and 16.2 years) in 1730 adolescents from the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS). Growth Mixture Modeling in Mplus identified four ADHD symptom trajectories: low, moderate stable, high decreasing, and high persistent. Perceived parental rejection predicted class membership in the high persistent trajectory compared to the other classes (p < 0.001, odds ratios between 2.14 and 3.74). Gene-environment interactions were not significantly related to class membership. Our results indicate a role of perceived parental rejection in the persistence of ADHD symptoms. Perceived parental rejection should, therefore, be taken into consideration during prevention and treatment of ADHD in young adolescents. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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