Vitamin D supplementation and exercise for improving physical function, body composition and metabolic health in overweight or obese older adults with vitamin D deficiency: a pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Purpose: Vitamin D supplementation may have non-skeletal health benefits and enhance exercise responsiveness, particularly in those with low vitamin D levels. We determined whether, compared with placebo, vitamin D supplementation taken prior to and during a 12-week exercise program improves physica...

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Published in:European Journal of Nutrition Vol. 62; no. 2; pp. 951 - 965
Main Authors: Mesinovic, Jakub, Rodriguez, Alexander J., Cervo, Mavil May, Gandham, Anoohya, Xu, Cecilia L.H., Glavas, Costas, de Courten, Barbora, Zengin, Ayse, Ebeling, Peter R., Scott, David
Format: research tables/charts randomized controlled trial Journal Article
Published: Springer Nature Mar2023
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Mar2023
      vid: 62
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      pub: Springer Nature
      place: New York, New York
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        10.1007/s00394-022-03038-z
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        atl: Vitamin D supplementation and exercise for improving physical function, body composition and metabolic health in overweight or obese older adults with vitamin D deficiency: a pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
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        au:
          Mesinovic, Jakub
          Rodriguez, Alexander J.
          Cervo, Mavil May
          Gandham, Anoohya
          Xu, Cecilia L.H.
          Glavas, Costas
          de Courten, Barbora
          Zengin, Ayse
          Ebeling, Peter R.
          Scott, David
        affil: Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, 3068, Clayton, VIC, Australia
      sug:
        subj:
          Obesity Therapy
          Vitamin D Deficiency Therapy
          Therapeutic Exercise
          Vitamin D Therapeutic Use
          Dietary Supplementation
          Treatment Outcomes Evaluation
          Functional Status
          Body Composition
          Metabolic Diseases Prevention and Control
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Middle Age
          Aged
          Randomized Controlled Trials
          Random Assignment
          Pilot Studies
          Double-Blind Studies
          Gait
          Walking Speed
          Vitamin D Blood
          Stair Climbing
          Waist Circumference
          Waist-Hip Ratio
          Descriptive Statistics
          Funding Source
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Aged: 65+ years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Purpose: Vitamin D supplementation may have non-skeletal health benefits and enhance exercise responsiveness, particularly in those with low vitamin D levels. We determined whether, compared with placebo, vitamin D supplementation taken prior to and during a 12-week exercise program improves physical function, body composition or metabolic health, in overweight and obese older adults with vitamin D deficiency. Methods: Fifty overweight or obese older adults (mean ± SD age: 60 ± 6 years; BMI 30.6 ± 5.7 kg/m2) with vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] < 50 nmol/L) were recruited. Participants were randomly allocated to receive either vitamin D3 (4000 IU/day) or matching placebo for 24 weeks. Between weeks 12 and 24, all participants completed multi-modal exercise three days per week while continuing with vitamin D/placebo. Mean changes in physical function (primary outcome: gait speed), body composition and biochemical parameters at weeks 12 and 24 were compared between groups. Results: Vitamin D supplementation, with or without exercise, had no effect on gait speed. From baseline to week 12, vitamin D supplementation increased serum 25(OH)D levels (placebo: 2.5 ± 14.7 nmol/L; treatment: 43.4 ± 18.4 nmol/L; P < 0.001) and reduced stair climb times (placebo: 0.3 ± 1.0 s; treatment: − 0.2 ± 1.0 s; P = 0.046). From 12 to 24 weeks, vitamin D supplementation combined with exercise decreased waist circumference (placebo: 1.3 ± 7.3 cm; treatment: − 3.0 ± 6.1 cm; P = 0.02) and waist-to-hip ratio (placebo: 0.01 ± 0.05; treatment: − 0.03 ± 0.05; P = 0.01) relative to placebo. Vitamin D supplementation, with or without exercise, had no effect on other physical function, body composition or metabolic health outcomes. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation had no effect on most physical function, body composition or metabolic health parameters when taken alone, or during exercise, in overweight or obese older adults with vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D-related improvements in stair climb times and waist circumference suggest that future trials should explore the effects of vitamin D on muscle power, and its effects on body composition when combined with exercise, in populations with moderate or severe vitamin D deficiency.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        randomized controlled trial
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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